thirty young, healthy, nonsmoking women (mean age approximately 28 years) taking low-dose oral contraceptive pills were recruited for the study of the effects of these pills on coagulating factors. twenty subjects were taking ld pill (ethinyl estradiol 0.03 mg, levonorgestrel 0.15 mg) and 10 others were taking cilest (ethinyl estradiol 0.035 mg, norgestimate 0.25 mg) for six months. the control...

BACKGROUND The traditional methods of studying the gene-environment interactions need a control group. However, the selection of an appropriate control group has been associated with problems. Therefore, new methods, such as case-only design, have been created to study such interactions. The objective of this study was to compare the case-only and case-control designs using data from patients w...

Background: Unintended pregnancy, unplanned birth and unsafe abortion have been a major challenge to the reproductive health of women worldwide. Despite availability highly effective methods contraception, still many pregnancies are unwanted predisposing them higher risk mortality, often due abortion. These can be prevented using emergency contraceptive pills. This study aimed investigate knowl...

CONTEXT Several case-control studies suggest an association between analgesic use and increased risk of chronic renal disease, but few cohort studies have examined this association. OBJECTIVE To determine whether analgesic use is associated with risk of renal dysfunction. DESIGN AND SETTING Cohort study of analgesic use data from the Physicians' Health Study, which lasted 14 years from Sept...

The birth control pills (contraceptive) are safe, in some cases the combination of contraceptive pill can increase your risk health. side effects include heart attack, stroke, blood clots, and liver tumors. In very rare cases, they lead to death. health problems were minimal or no recorded while using herbal contraceptives. present investigation was focused on preliminary phytochemical analysis...

AIMS Hyperphosphatemia has been associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease. We sought to assess the real-world effectiveness of sucroferric oxyhydroxide (SO), an iron-based phosphate binder (PB), in control of serum phosphorus levels, and to determine the associated pill burden in hemodialysis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult, in-center hemodi...

BACKGROUND Pills (tablets and capsules) are widely used to administer prescription drugs or to take supplements such as vitamins. Unfortunately, little is known about how much effort it takes Americans to swallow these various pills. More specifically, it is not known to what extent hard-to-swallow pills might affect treatment outcomes (eg, interfering with adherence to prescribed medications o...

AIMS To improve our understanding of the pharmacology of 'ecstasy' in recreational environments; in particular, to describe the composition of ecstasy pills, patterns of ecstasy use and the relationship between dose of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and resulting plasma concentrations. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A naturalistic observational study of 56 experienced 'ecstasy' use...