BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The utility and safety of brain biopsy for suspected primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) are uncertain. Factors predictive of a positive biopsy have not been well described. Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of brain biopsy in suspected PACNS and determine whether any prebiopsy variables are associated with a positive biopsy. MET...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Biopsy of the ampulla of Vater may be performed to evaluate for ampullary adenomas, suspected ampullary tumors and immunohistological staining for autoimmune pancreatitis. Ampullary biopsies are commonly performed at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Due to the well-established complication rate following ERCP, the contribution of ampullary b...

The primary splenic lymphoma is extremely uncommon, can present with grave complications like hypersplenism and splenic rupture. In view of vague clinical presentation, it is difficult to arrive at the diagnosis. In such circumstances, histopathological diagnosis is very important. A precise diagnosis can only be made on histopathology and confirmed on immunohistochemistry.Emergency splenectomy...

Endometerial biopsy is often performed as outpatient procedure. Difficulty may be encountered in entering cervical os especially in nulliparous women. This may cause, complications, excessive pain and may even hinder performance of the procedure. The same problem may occur during hysteroscopy, dilatation & curettage, chromopertubation, IUCD insertion or fractional curettage. If cervical priming...

We reviewed the most important diagnostic procedures implemented by means of flexible bronchoscopy, including bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial brushing and biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration. We reviewed the tools, techniques and potential complications of this examination.