This paper presents the design, implementation and experiences of a new three hour experimental course taught for a joint undergraduate and graduate class at the University of Missouri-Rolla, USA. The course covers the four main paradigms of Computational Intelligence (CI) and their integration to develop hybrid systems. The paradigms covered are artificial neural networks (ANNs), evolutionary ...

An estimated 70 to 120 million nonhuman animals are killed every year in scientific experiments. l The justifications for the use of nonhuman animals in scientific experiments to benefit humans are based on two conflicting paradigms or models regarding the nature of human and nonhuman animals. This paper will trace the origins of these competing paradigms and the assumptions underlying each of ...

One of the major goals of community ecology is to understand how interactions among the resident organisms affect their distribution and abundance. For terrestrial and rocky intertidal communities competition and predation clearly can play pivotal roles in community organization (28, 47, 84). The importance of biological processes in organizing marine soft-sediment communities is not as well un...

There is growing interest in flavonoids for their wide array of biological actions. In neurodegenerative disorders these naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds, are known to inhibit proinflammatory mediators such as in TNF–? and IL-6 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated neuronal degeneration, which are associated with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Recent studies on flavonoids have ...

zno nps (zinc oxide nanoparticles) has generated significant scientific interest as a novel antibacterial and anticancer agent. since oxidative stress is a critical determinant of zno nps-induced damage, it is necessary to characterize their underlying mode of action. different structural and physicochemical properties of zno nps such as particle surface, size, shape, crystal structure, chemica...

This paper is investigating that:" resurging evolution of economic thought, EET, is brilliantly in direction with eminence of substantive elements of economics itself". It presupposes that the substantive elements of economics embraces the following package: 1- maintaining on some epistemic doctrines, including rationality, efficiency and equilibrium.2-dynamic characteristic of economic theorie...

Writing the grammar of a language is one of the most significant outputs of linguistic studies. In Iran, it is Avicenna (Ibn-e Sina) who is credited with the first such compilation of the Persian language. Understanding the weaknesses associated with the traditional trends of grammar writing in Iran, contemporary Iranian linguists adopted the modern Western approach following the Chomskyan Turn...

Debugging distributed applications is very di cult, due to a number of problems. To manage the inherent complexity of distributed applications, the use of abstractions is proposed. One frequently performed abstraction is to group processes into clusters. We describe an approach to derive clustering rules from well{known programming paradigms for distributed programming. Programming paradigms de...