The dynamic synapse is represented by the constant mobility and exchange of components at both the cell surface and at intracellular sites. This includes thermally powered Brownian diffusion movement, followed by reversible trapping through receptor-scaffold interactions and active transport of cargo vesicles through cytoskeletal motors.

We study the evolution of the MBH /Mhost relation up to z = 3 for a sample of 96 quasars with known host galaxy luminosities. Black hole masses are estimated assuming virial equilibrium in the broad-line regions, while the host galaxy masses are inferred from their luminosities. With this data, we are able to pin down the evolution of the MBH /Mhost relation over 85% of the age of the universe....

The last few years witnessed a change of perspective in the context of galaxy formation and evolution. The major role played by bars in the history of these fundamental building blocks of our universe was finally realized. However, and despite the fact that one of the major concerns of any physical science is to measure timescales for natural phenomena, we have as yet no established way to esti...

BACKGROUND Active transport has great potential to increase physical activity in older adolescents (17-18 years). Therefore, a theory- and evidence-based intervention was developed aiming to promote active transport among older adolescents. The intervention aimed to influence psychosocial factors of active transport since this is the first step in order to achieve a change in behaviour. The pre...

Our view of galaxy evolution has been dramatically enhanced by the recent deep field submm surveys carried out with the SCUBA camera on the JCMT. SCUBA has discovered a population of luminous infrared galaxies at redshifts ∼ 1– 4 that emit most of their energy at far-IR/submm wavelengths. The cumulative surface density of submm sources (∼ 10 deg with S850 > 1mJy) appears to be sufficient to acc...

BACKGROUND Active transport policies are being developed across Europe designed to have health and environmental benefits. There is little evidence of impact on physical activity of active transport strategies which modify the built environment. Cycling represents one virtually carbon-neutral form of transport that can help to address declining levels of exercise. METHODS A systematic literat...

Stochastic models of reaction-diffusion systems are important for the study of biochemical reaction networks where species are present in low copy numbers or if reactions are highly diffusion limited. In living cells many such systems include reactions and transport on one-dimensional structures, such as DNA and microtubules. The cytoskeleton is a dynamic structure where individual fibers move,...

This issue of the Journal presents several papers on the impact of the built environment and active transport on physical activity and population health. The suggestion that the way we build our environment can affect our health and how we move about is not a new idea. However, as the world becomes more urbanised, the impact of the built environment is increasingly of concern to more andmore pe...

In various cases of importance for animal physiology and development, a specific distribution of cellular components is achieved through the active transport of these components along cytoskeletal fibres by molecular motors. The pattern-generating transport is stochastic; it is commonly referred to as the saltatory movement which means frequent, random change of direction of movement of individ...

bicoid mRNA localises to the Drosophila oocyte anterior from stage 9 of oogenesis onwards to provide a local source for Bicoid protein for embryonic patterning. Live imaging at stage 9 reveals that bicoid mRNA particles undergo rapid Dynein-dependent movements near the oocyte anterior, but with no directional bias. Furthermore, bicoid mRNA localises normally in shot2A2, which abolishes the pola...