Extensins (EXTs) are a family of plant cell wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) that are implicated to play important roles in plant growth, development, and defense. Structurally, EXTs are characterized by the repeated occurrence of serine (Ser) followed by three to five prolines (Pro) residues, which are hydroxylated as hydroxyproline (Hyp) and glycosylated. Some EXTs have Tyrosine...

The aim of the present study was to identify genes, microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) or pathways associated with the development of pituitary gonadotroph adenomas. The array data of GSE23207, which included 16 samples of multiple endocrine neoplasia-associated rat pituitary homozygous mutations and 5 pituitary tissue samples from healthy rats, were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. D...

objective(s) staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of many nosocomial and community acquired infections. according to many reports, antibiotic therapy can not guarantee the eradication of s. aureus infections. thus designing an adhesin based vaccine could restrain the s. aureus infections. this study designed for construction of a new fusion protein vaccine against s. aureus infections based...

background: the sry gene (sry) provides instructions for making a transcription factor called the sex-determining region y protein. the sex-determining region y protein causes a fetus to develop as a male. in this study, sry of 15 spices included of human, chimpanzee, dog, pig, rat, cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, horse, zebra, frog, urial, dolphin and killer whale were used for determine of bioi...

The tRNA identity elements for some amino acids are distinct between the bacterial and archaeal domains. Searching in recent genomic and metagenomic sequence data, we found some candidate phyla radiation (CPR) bacteria with archaeal tRNA identity for Tyr-tRNA and Trp-tRNA synthesis. These bacteria possess genes for tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (TrpRS) predict...

Pathogens produce effectors that manipulate the host to the benefit of the pathogen. These effectors are often secreted proteins that are upregulated during the early phases of infection. These properties can be used to identify candidate effectors from genomes and transcriptomes of pathogens. Here we describe commonly used bioinformatic approaches that (1) allow identification of genes encodin...

Over the years the identification of one gene or protein has been substituted by the determination, in a single experiment, of all the genes or proteins expressed in a given cellular state. Consequently, the amount of available data has increased considerably. In this scenario, bioinformatics has become the bridge between experimental data and computational tasks for managing, mining and retrie...

BACKGROUND Circadian rhythmicity of many aspects of cardiovascular function-blood pressure, coagulation and contractile function-is well established, as is diurnal variation in important clinical events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Here, we undertake studies to globally assess circadian gene expression in murine aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS Aortae from mice were harvested at 4-hou...

A conserved lipid-modified cysteine found in a protein motif commonly referred to as a lipobox mediates the membrane anchoring of a subset of proteins transported across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane via the Sec pathway. Sequenced haloarchaeal genomes encode many putative lipoproteins and recent studies have confirmed the importance of the conserved lipobox cysteine for signal peptide proc...

The Escherichia coli chaperonin system, GroEL-GroES, facilitates folding of substrate proteins (SPs) that are otherwise destined to aggregate. The iterative annealing mechanism suggests that the allostery-driven GroEL transitions leading to changes in the microenvironment of the SP constitutes the annealing action of chaperonins. To describe the molecular basis for the changes in the nature of ...