Expression of recombinant proteins in bacterial or eukaryotic systems often results in aggregation rendering them unavailable for biochemical or structural studies. Protein aggregation is a costly problem for biomedical research. It forces research laboratories and the biomedical industry to search for alternative, more soluble, non-human proteins and limits the number of potential "druggable" ...

Wnt plays important role during development and in various diseases. Because Wnts are lipidated and highly hydrophobic, they can only be purified in the presence of detergents, limiting their use in various in vitro and in vivo assays. We purified N-terminally tagged recombinant Wnt3a secreted from cells and accidentally discovered that Wnt3a co-purified with a glycoprotein afamin derived from ...

Determination of microgram quantities of protein in the Bradford Coomassie brilliant blue assay is accomplished by measurement of absorbance at 590 nm. This most common assay enables rapid and simple protein quantification in cell lysates, cellular fractions, or recombinant protein samples, for the purpose of normalization of biochemical measurements. However, an intrinsic nonlinearity compromi...

The biochemical agent involved in adhesion to epithelial cells of chicken crop, by a specie-specific Lactobacillus salivarius strain, was isolated and characterized. Cells of L. salivarius A23 strain were able to autoaggregate in spent broth or in sterile bidistilled water and to adhere to chicken crop epithelium, as observed by optical and scanning electron microscope. The time required for ce...

A range of structurally related zwitterionic detergents, Zwittergents 3-06, 3-08, 3-10, and 3-12, and a derivative of cholic acid (Chaps) were examined for their ability to enhance the extraction of newly synthesized, intracellular proteoglycans and for their effect on the functional properties of cartilage proteoglycan. Although none of the detergents could extract greater than 4% of the intra...

We used a class of designed peptide detergents to stabilize photosystem I (PS-I) upon extended drying under N2 on a gold-coated-Ni-NTA glass surface. PS-I is a chlorophyll-containing membrane protein complex that is the primary reducer of ferredoxin and the electron acceptor of plastocyanin. We isolated the complex from the thylakoids of spinach chloroplasts using a chemical detergent. The chlo...

The location of endoplasmin in the endoplasmic reticulum was investigated by biochemical and immunoelectron microscopic analyses. The protein could be obtained in a soluble form by procedures that do not involve the use of any detergents. The soluble protein has the amino- and carboxy-terminal sequences of the intact molecule, showing that it has not been proteolysed. Application of the Triton ...

Insolubility in non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100 is a widely used biochemical criterion for characterization of membrane domains. We report here a novel green fluorescent protein fluorescence-based approach to directly determine detergent insolubility of specific membrane proteins. We have applied this method to explore the detergent resistance of an important G-protein coupled recepto...

this study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. in this study, 42 adult male mice nmri race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. experimental groups 1-2-3 with the using of chamber, as inhalation 20 minutes were exposure to spray the a...

We have studied the mechanism by which lysosomotropic detergents kill baby hamster kidney cells. Lysosomotropic detergents are lysosomotropic amines (compounds with pK between 5 and 9, such as imidazole or morpholine) containing straight-chain hydrocarbon "tails" of 9-14 carbon atoms (Firestone, R. A., J. M. Pisano, and R. J. Bonney. 1979, J. Med. Chem., 22:1130-1133). Using lucifer yellow CH a...