Ignaz Semmelweis first linked hand washing before examining women in labor with favorable outcomes in 1847.1 Although initially ignored, hand washing has become a mainstay in reducing the spread of infections in all patient encounters. Multiple studies have confirmed that health care workers are the major cause of spreading nosocomial infections from patient to patient in the hospital setting.2...

We evaluated the utility of electronic loggers to measure the effects of a simple intervention designed to influence the rates of hand washing with soap within enclosed toilets and bathrooms in low-income urban households in Kerala, India. 58 households were given three items with embedded electronic loggers for a period of 2-5 days. Two logged soaps tracked hand and body washing in the bathroo...

the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of water pressure and concentration of dichloromethane after the evisceration system under the fecal decontamination of chicken carcasse  surfaces with and without apparent contamination. from a total of  322 carcasses, 50% were intentionally added chicken droppings in an area of more  than 2 cm2 and the rest of carcasses were kept with...

BACKGROUND Many asthmatic patients allergic to dogs refuse to part with their dog, and it is essential to develop techniques for lowering exposure with a dog in the home. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of dog washing on the subsequent recovery of Can f 1 from dog hair clippings and on the airborne allergen over a 7-day period. METHODS Dogs, which had not been washed for at lea...

BACKGROUND Determination of the tumor marker concentration in peritoneal fluid (PF) may help to assess its potential to detect small concentration changes between benign ovarian pathology and early stage ovarian cancer. Peritoneal washing, which can also be obtained when PF is absent, is already included in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging classification ...

statement of problem: the guided bone regeneration (gbr) technique does not always produce consistent results. bone filling within the space provided by the membrane can be incomplete. purpose: the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a collagen membrane (bio-gide) in combination with or without deproteinezed bovine bone mineral (bio-oss) on the healing of calvarial defects in rabbit...

the risk of disease spread through water, fruits and vegetables contaminated through unclean waters varies from region to another. springs and underground water resources are essentially free of germs or they have tolerable levels of germs; unless they are infected by surface water or human excreta. scientific reports have shown that outbreaks of food-borne illnesses especially foods such as fr...

Washing machines are a common feature today in the Indian household. The most important utility a customer can derive from a washing machine is that he saves the effort he/she had to put in brushing, agitating and washing the cloth. Most of the people wouldn’t have noticed (but can reason out very well) that different type of cloth need different amount of washing time which depends directly on...

BACKGROUND Examination of specimens obtained through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is an important and often the initial diagnostic technique performed in patients with suspected malignant lung lesion. AIMS To evaluate the correlation of cytological findings of bronchial washings, bronchial brushing and imprint smear of bronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lung tumors, with histopathology ...