ABSTRACT. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were studied for the extraction of caffeine in black tea leaves containing antioxidant dried limes (Citrus aurantifolia). Caffeine is widely used human consumption present any liquid suitable drinking except water. However, health environmental demerits make it significant to reduce much less concentration or decaffeination. Therefore, effect C...

in order to study the effect of on-farm seed priming and two bio-fertilizers on emergence and yield characteristics of chickpea, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in hamedan with three replications in 2013. the factors consisted of phosphate fertilizer (0, 50 and 100 percent of recommended) bio-fertilizer (mycorrhizae, barvar2, both of them and no-applic...

Tar and char can be regarded as unwanted byproducts during the gasification process. In this study, three types of catalyst, i.e., biomass char (bio-char), nickel supported on biomass (Ni+bio-char), and nickel supported on bio-char (bio-char+Ni), were studied to compare the catalytic effects of different preparation methods on tar model compound removal. The structural characteristics of the th...

This study explores the bio-ethanol innovation system in Taiwan from the perspective of a technology innovation system (TIS). Taiwan is a newly industrialized country and is not currently a main producer of bio-ethanol. This study analyzes the evolution of bio-ethanol innovation system in Taiwan and places a particular emphasis on challenges that present policies face in the context of potentia...

A slow pyrolysis of pinewood was investigated in this paper. Through the briquette process, the pinewood sawdust becomes molded biomass. The molded bio-char was produced from molded biomass with different pyrolysis factors, and the bio-char’s heating value, char yield rates, and physicochemical and morphological properties were investigated. Molded bio-char’s characteristics depended principall...

Comprehensive bio-simulation from genes to a body is one of the most important research topics in 21st century. However, no single model or simulator can cover whole-body bio-system. Therefore, it is essential to develop environment for integrating heterogeneous bio-simulators. In this article, three types of key issues for integration of bio-simulators are discussed: (1) a wide variety of scal...

We discuss foundational issues of quantum information biology (QIB) – one of the most successful applications of the quantum formalism outside of physics. QIB provides a multi-scale model of information processing in bio-systems: from proteins and cells to cognitive and social systems. This theory has to be sharply distinguished from “traditional quantum biophysics”. The latter is about quantum...

introduction : deproteinized bovine bone mineral (bio-oss) is a xenogenic bone substitute, widely used in maxillofacial bone regeneration. the aim of this in vitro study was to investigate its influence on the growth behavior of human osteosarcoma cell line, saos-2 culture, and compare it with the physiologic dose of dexamethasone, an inductive factor for osteoblasts. materials and methods: hum...

PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the ability of recombinant human-bone morphogenic protein-2 immobilized on a heparin-grafted bone substrate to enhance the osteoblastic functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Bio-Oss®, not coated with any material, was used as a control group. In rhBMP-2-Bio-Oss® group, rhBMP-2 was coated with Bio-Oss® using only deep and dry methods (50 ng/mL, 24...