Because many mechanical variables are present in the oral cavity, the proper load transfer between the prosthesis and the bone is important for treatment planning and for the longevity of the implant-supported fixed partial denture. Objectives To verify the stress generated on the peri-implant area of cantilevered implant-supported fixed partial dentures and the potential effects of such variab...

A W-shaped multilevel full-chip routing framework using W-shaped optimization flow is used to find the final routing solution. The W-shaped flow consists of two sequential V-shaped optimization flows. The first V-shaped flow optimizes the global routing solution. The probabilistic congestion prediction technique is used to guide the global routing decision to find the routing solution that even...

The spring constant of an atomic force microscope cantilever is often needed for quantitative measurements. The calibration method of Sader et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3967 (1999)] for a rectangular cantilever requires measurement of the resonant frequency and quality factor in fluid (typically air), and knowledge of its plan view dimensions. This intrinsically uses the hydrodynamic function...

In colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface forces cannot be measured without an accurate determination of the cantilever spring constant. The effective spring constant k depends upon the cantilever geometry and therefore should be measured in situ; additionally, k may be coupled to other measurement parameters. For example, colloidal probe AFM is frequently used to measure the sli...

We use Brownian dynamics to investigate the self-assembly of single end tethered, laterally tethered, and double end tethered V-shaped nanoparticles. The simulation results are compared with model bent-core molecules without tethers and polymer tethered nanorods to elucidate the combined effects of V-shaped geometry and the immiscibility between the V-shaped nanoparticles and the tethers on the...

We have developed a soft-material elastic modulus and shear modulus sensor using piezoelectric cantilevers. A piezoelectric cantilever is consisted of a highly piezoelectric layer, e.g., lead– zirconate–titanate bonded to a nonpiezoelectric layer, e.g., stainless steel. Applying an electric field in the thickness direction causes a piezoelectric cantilever to bend, generating an axial displacem...