the efficiency of the institutions and the level of their effectiveness in trading among the countries are pretty new subjects that have been considered in recent studies. many researchers believe that the corruption would cause a reduction in trading among the countries. on the other hand some others assume corruption can help to facilitate the transactions process. the main purpose of this pa...

Exports and Profitability: First Evidence for German Manufacturing Firms Using unique recently released nationally representative high-quality longitudinal data at the enterprise level for Germany, this paper presents the first comprehensive evidence on the relationship between exports and profitability. It documents that the positive profitability differential of exporters compared to non-expo...

Although initially originated as a totally empirical relationship to explain the volume of trade between two partners, gravity equation has been the focus of several theoretic models that try to explain it. Specialization models are of great importance in providing a solid theoretic ground for gravity equation in bilateral trade. Some research papers try to improve specialization models by addi...

We analyze a panel of 230 Canadian manufacturing industries to investigate whether trade liberalization promotes e ciency through increased scale. During the six years following the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, Canadian manufacturing exhibited substantial rationalization|a decline in the number of plants accompanied by increases in output per plant. We nd that the bilateral tari...

In more recent years, it has become increasingly recognized that R&D (research and development) is a key driver of economic growth, a source of innovation and change, and as such stimulates improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. It is closely associated with knowledge and flexibility, two factors that have gained new significance as a source of competitiveness in an increasi...

Developing countries typically exhibit small firm size, high dispersion of firm-level productivity, and low trade-to-output ratios. They also tend to export particularly less to more distant and smaller markets. To rationalize these facts, this paper develops a flexible, multi-country general equilibrium model of production and trade in which heterogeneous producers face both domestic size-depe...

Developing countries typically exhibit small firm size, high dispersion of marginal productivity of factors across firms, and low trade-to-output ratios. They also tend to export particularly less to more distant and smaller markets. To rationalize these facts, this paper develops a flexible, multi-country general equilibrium model of production and trade in which heterogeneous producers face b...

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in currency :union:s internationally. The formation of currency :union: in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has drawn much attention of Islamic countries. This paper aims to investigate the effect of currency :union: formation for trade among 49 Islamic countries over the period 1990-2012 by OCA and Augmented Gravity Model (AGM). T...

This paper presents a simple model of the world economy, in which productivity gains in manufacturing are responsible for the global trend of manufacturing decline, and yet, in cross-section of countries, faster productivity gains in manufacturing do not necessarily imply faster declines in manufacturing. In doing so, it aims to draw attention to the common pitfall of using the cross-country ev...

It is widely accepted that practical export finance skills are necessary to successful exporting. Nevertheless, there has been little research into the specialized financial aspects of exporting. This research presents the first evidence of the relative importance of practical export finance skills to Australian agribusiness exporters when they export to the U.S. and Japan. We also report on th...