The enantioselective synthesis of 7-epi-incarvilline for formal syntheses of (-)-incarvilline, (+)-incarvine C, and (-)-incarvillateine is described. The key features of our synthesis involve (1) stereoselective construction of the optically active bicyclic lactone utilizing Pd(0)-catalyzed allylic alkylation, (2) efficient transformation of the bridged bicyclic lactone to the key bicyclic lact...

Abstract This thesis is concerned with the synthesis of -sultams and the development of new routes for the synthesis of bicyclic versions of these molecules as potential anti-bacterials. The synthesis of 1-azetines, 1,2-thiazetin-1,1-dioxides and isothiazol-1,1-dioxides as precursors of bicyclic heterocycles is described. 1-Azetines were synthesised from azetidin-2-ones prepared via the [2+2] c...

We developed a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azomethine imines with terminal alkynes catalyzed by group 11 metal amides to provide N,N-bicyclic pyrazolidinone derivatives. This reaction afforded the cycloadducts in a unique 5,7-disubstituted manner. Furthermore, we succeeded in applying this catalysis to asymmetric reactions, and the desired heterocycles were produced in high yields wit...

Abstract For a connected graph, the first Zagreb eccentricity index $\xi _{1}$ ? 1 is defined as sum of squares eccentricities all vertices, and second _{2}$ 2 products pairs adjacent vertices. In this paper, we mainly present different universal approa...

In this paper, we give infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected k-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue in half open interval [−1− √ 2,−2) and also infinitely many examples of (non-isomorphic) connected k-regular graphs with smallest eigenvalue in half open interval [α1,−1− √ 2) where α1 is the smallest root(≈ −2.4812) of the polynomial x3 + 2x2 − 2x − 2. From these results, we ...

iv Acknowledgements v List of Tables vii List of Graphs vii

The oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs is limited by their proteolytic degradation and the poor absorption across the intestinal epithelia. In this work, we exposed a phage library of small bicyclic peptides (<1.5 kDa) to a pancreatic extract of proteases prior to affinity selection to enrich binders with higher stability in the intestinal environment. Panning with the therapeutic targe...

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If ∗ : G → G is an involution on the finite group G, then ∗ extends to an involution on the integral group ring Z[G]. In this paper, we consider whether bicyclic units u ∈ Z[G] exist with the property that the group 〈u, u∗〉, generated by u and u∗, is free on the two generators. If this occurs, we say that (u, u∗) is a free bicyclic pair. It turns out that the existence of u depends strongly upo...