PURPOSE To determine how the association between cigarette smoking and other risky behaviors, such as substance use, violence, and risky sexual practices, has changed between 1991 and 2003. METHODS Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) from 1991 to 2003 were analyzed. For each cohort, logistic regression models controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, and school grade were used to describe the as...

Countries where cycling is safest – those with low fatality rates per cycle-km – typically have high cycling rates but low helmet wearing. This indicates that helmets make only a minor contribution to overall cyclist safety. In fact a review of the best quality data (where enforced helmet laws produced increases of at least 40 percentage points in helmet wearing) found no evidence of reduced he...

In Sweden the most common traffic group that needs to be hospitalized due to injury is cyclists where head injuries are the most common severe injuries. According to current standards, the performance of a helmet is only tested against radial impact which is not commonly seen in real accidents. Some studies about helmet design have been published but those helmets have been tested for only a fe...

OBJECTIVES The goals were to examine bicycle-related mortality rates in Ontario, Canada, from 1991 to 2002 among bicyclists 1 to 15 years of age and 16 years of age through adulthood and to determine the effect of legislation (introduced in October 1995 for bicyclists <18 years of age) on mortality rates. METHODS The average numbers of deaths per year and mortality rates per 100000 person-yea...

The objective of this study was to determine whether the bicycle safety helmet legislation in California, enacted in 1994, was associated with statistically significant reductions in head injuries among bicyclists aged 17 years and under who were subjected to the law. The study used 44,069 patient discharge cases from all public hospitals in California, from 1991 through 2000, and a case-contro...