This study compared focus attention and interpretation biases in social phobia patients and normal subject. In this study with causal- comparative method 100 subjects with social phobia and 100 normal individuals have compared. Subjects were selected through cluster sampling among Tabriz university students. Data scale of social phobia, attention bias and interpretation of the data was performe...

The assumption of strongly ignorable treatment assignment is required for eliminating selection bias in observational studies. To meet this assumption, researchers often rely on a strategy of selecting covariates that they think will control for selection bias. Theory indicates that the most important covariates are those highly correlated with both the real selection process and the potential ...

Biomedical laboratory experiments routinely use negative controls to identify possible sources of bias, but epidemiologic studies have infrequently used this type of control in their design or measurement approach. Recently, epidemiologists proposed the routine use of negative controls in observational studies and defined the structure of negative controls to detect bias due to unmeasured confo...

In this note, I would like to focus on the two central distinctions Inan draws between varieties of ignorance. One is the distinction between “objectual” and “propositional” ignorance, and the other is the distinction between “truth-ignorance” and “fact-ignorance,” which is a distinction between two types of propositional ignorance. According to Inan, appreciating these distinctions allow us to...

Many people believe that economists in general are more selfish than other people and that this greater selfishness is due to economics education. This paper offers empirical evidence against this widely held belief. Using a unique data set on giving behaviour in connection with two social funds at the University of Zurich, it is shown that economics education does not make people act more self...

Recruitment and selection of temporary and permanent employees have always remained one of a top priority ongoing function in public sector universities across the globe. Although temporary employees recruitment and selection facilitates effective screening of potential employees on permanent basis but the question is how does this take place in the public sector universities when it comes to t...