This paper shows that recent arguments from group problem solving and task performance to emergent group level cognition that rest on the social parity and related principles are invalid or question begging. The paper shows that standard attributions of problem solving or task performance to groups require only multiple agents of the outcome, not a group agent over and above its members, whethe...

later consideration of social cultural realities, Stereotypes and Myths, would have fallen into an easy sequence. The author's present arrangement may lead the student into some confusion of thought and the begging of many questions. For in the very nature of the subject it is still a matter for speculation and careful discussion of facts as to whether social or psychological criteria have prio...