Abstract The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a serious polyphagous pest that infests vegetable crops worldwide and has rapidly developed resistance due to its long-term exposure insecticides. current statuses four insecticides exhibited by three field populations of armyworms collected in southern China from 2014 2018 were investigated. Monitoring data five consecutive years demonst...

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a signiÞcant agricultural pest in the United States, affecting most notably sweet corn, Zea mays L., and turfgrass. Two strains exist that differ physiologically and behaviorally but are morphologically indistinguishable. Polymorphisms within the fall armyworm Triose phosphate isomerase gene (Tpi; EC 5.3.1.1) were characterized and used to d...