To assess the effect of various vaccine strains on replication and shedding of virulent Marek's disease virus from experimentally infected chickens, quantitative PCR (q-PCR) methods were developed to accurately quantify viral DNA in infected chickens and in the environment in which they were housed. Four groups of 10 chickens, kept in poultry isolators, were vaccinated at 1 day old with one of ...

To reveal the mechanism of the easy discretization and low damage in kernel dispersal, this paper analyzes the microscopic analysis of beak structures and finds that maxillary outside cells of the beak are dense and hard. Besides, the cuticle wrapping on maxilla of chicken's beak can reduce corn kernels damage in the discrete process of ear. From force test of corn ear, we find that value of x ...

This paper considers the potential problems that may militate against the adoption of organic poultry production in Nigeria. Factors identified include: higher risk of diseases like coccidiosis and Newcastle disease, disease prevention and control / herd health management, disease containment in times of outbreak, land acquisition (land tenure system), market economies / cost-benefit ratio, pas...

background and aims: the aim of this study was application of gamma irradiated fmdv antigen for liquid phase blocking sandwich elisa (b-elisa) to quantify guinea pig anti fmdv type a87/irn antibody. methods: fmdv type a87/irn was propagated to a titer of 107.5/ml tcid50 and then irradiated by gamma irradiator. the irradiated 146 s antigen was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation after in...

Both stocking rate and housing systems are main factors influencing the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hens raised in conventional cage system. This study examines the effects of different type of cage and stock density on feather pecking behaviour in hens. Total of 216 Hisex Brown hens at 16 weeks of age were randomly selected and put into 2 types of battery cages: conventional cages ...

We evaluated cloacal swab, vascular pulp of flight feather, and kidney and spleen pool samples from carcasses of members of the family Corvidae as sources of West Nile virus (WNV). The cloacal swab, kidney and spleen pool, and feather pulp were the source of WNV in 38%, 43%, and 77%, respectively, of the carcasses.

abstract: subgroup j avian leukosis virus (alv-j) was isolated in the late 1980s from meat-type chickens in the united kingdom. alv-j with exception of some acute variants, cause myeloid leukosis in meat-type chickens with long incubation period.in this study while the status of avian leukosis virus subgroup j in six different strain of broiler grandparent flocks of iran evaluated, the evaluati...

The Anyi tile-like gray chicken is a Chinese indigenous breed with a gray dilution phenotype, having gray feathers, comb, skin, shanks, and beak, which is valuable for genetic research on pigmentation. However, the genetic basis of the gray dilution phenotype remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic basis of the gray dilution phenotype in the Anyi tile-like gr...

The term "parrot beak nail" describes a morphologic change of the nail plate characterized by excessive forward curvature. It may be associated with systemic disease or, most commonly, occurs as an idiopathic finding complicated by delayed nail plate trimming. The characteristics of parrot beak nails in ten men are described, and the features of this acquired nail deformity are reviewed. Of the...