We consider a central-spin battery where $N_b$ central spins serve as cells and $N_c$ bath charging units. It is shown that the energy stored in can be extractable quantified by ergotropy, battery-charger entanglement via Von Neumann entropy. By using an exact approach to one-cell two-cell battery, our analytical results suggest that, during process, work slowly increases before reaches its max...

This chapter presents the proposed model of combination between Photovoltaic solar system resources and sound biometric techniques, to generate power energy from the sunlight using the PVS controlled by a sound biometric technique. This work contributes to research knowledge by proposing and validating a sound biometric technique for allowing to reduce the consumption of the generated power ene...

This paper proposes a hierarchical energy control strategy for hybrid dual fuel cell/battery tramway, combining online and offline optimization methods while considering the battery’s dynamic behavior. In upper layer, an band-pass filter-based extremum-seeking (BFESC) is employed to estimate reference power between cell system battery. addition, behavior considered penalty function of BFESC mai...

As use of electric vehicles has been expected to grow, the batteries for the electric vehicles have become critical because the batteries are a key part of the paradigm shift in the automotive industry. However, the demand for electric vehicles has been growing slowly and the electric vehicle battery industry still has internal and external competitions to become a standardized energy source fo...

In this paper, a single-phase multilevel inverter with battery balancing is proposedThe voltage source inverters produce a voltage with levels either 0 or ±V dc they are known as two level inverters.To obtain a quality output voltage or a current waveform with a minimum amount of ripple content, they require high switching frequency along with various pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies.As ...

In light of the continued rise in fossil fuel costs, alternative energy sources, such as solar technology, are increasingly important. Concentrating photovoltaic systems are promising for future efficient and cost effective competition with fossil fuels. We employ a microlens array to a CdTe/CdS semiconducting solar cell to increase efficiency via light trapping. Since the microlens array will ...

The battery critical functions such as State-of-Charge (SoC) and State-of-Health (SoH) estimations, over-current, and over-/under-voltage protections mainly depend on current and voltage sensor measurements. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a reliable sensor fault diagnosis scheme to guarantee the battery performance, safety and life. This paper presents a systematic model-based fault dia...

full adder cell is often placed in the critical path of other circuits. therefore it plays an important role in determining the entire performance of digital system. moreover, portable electronic systems rely on battery and low-power design is another concern. in conclusion it is a vital task to design high-performance and low-power full adder cells. since delay opposes against power consumptio...

based on the problems caused by today conventional vehicles, much attention has been put on the fuel cell vehicles researches. however, using a fuel cell system is not adequate alone in transportation applications, because the load power profile includes transient that is not compatible with the fuel cell dynamic. to resolve this problem, hybridization of the fuel cell and energy storage device...