The interactions of acid–base status, waste nitrogen excretion and metabolism in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta, a ureogenic teleost, were examined by exposing toadfish to a variety of water treatments. Our measurements show that, like other marine teleosts, toadfish rapidly regulate acid–base status by manipulating blood [HCO3]. Several treatments affected nitrogen excretion. The initial stage...

Three distinct approaches are currently used in assessing acid-base disorders: the traditional - physiological or bicarbonate-centered approach, the base-excess approach, and the "modern" physicochemical approach proposed by Peter Stewart, which uses the strong ion difference (particularly the sodium chloride difference) and the concentration of nonvolatile weak acids (particularly albumin) and...

Shangraw, Robert E., and Farook Jahoor. Effect of liver disease and transplantation on urea synthesis in humans: relationship to acid-base status. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G1145–G1152, 1999.—It has been suggested that hepatic urea synthesis, which consumes HCO3 , plays an important role in acid-base homeostasis. This study measured urea synthesis rate (Ra urea) dir...

Whichever dialysis therapy is used, there is a similar need for correcting the acid base balance. The most important tool for this is the buffer in the dialysis fluid and, when using convective therapies, also in the substitution solution. The buffer source in all modern versions of these therapies should be bicarbonate. The more efficient the dialysis treatment in terms of small solute transpo...

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is the zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the reversible reactions of CO(2) with water. CA plays a crucial role in systemic acid-base regulation in fish by providing acid-base equivalents for exchange with the environment. Unlike air-breathing vertebrates, which frequently utilize alterations of breathing (respiratory compensation) to regulate acid-base status, acid-base ...

This paper presents a corpus analysis of prosodic realisations of information status categories in terms of pitch accent types. The annotations base on a recent annotation scheme for information status [1] that is based on semantic criteria applied to written text. For each information status category, typical pitch accent realisations are identified. Moreover, the relevance of the strict seman...

The discovery in the late 1960s of ‘dead’ or dying lakes (Beamish and Harvey, 1972) nearly devoid of living animals and plants owing to the effects of acid precipitation spawned intense research into the effects of low pH environments on the physiology of freshwater fish. Over the next decade, an extensive body of literature documented the adverse effects of acid environments on acid–base statu...

We examined the relation between leisure activities and the risk of dementia in a prospective cohort of 469 subjects older than 75 years of age who resided in the community and did not have dementia at base line. We examined the frequency of participation in leisure activities at enrollment and derived cognitive-activity and physicalactivity scales in which the units of measure were activity-da...