This paper presents a possible evolution of base station architectures in the frame of the future global communication scenario. Moving from such a view the paper considers the technology trend and its influence on highspeed data converter design. Then, architectures of highspeed, high-resolution converters are resumed. Finally, design techniques and strategies for achieving the requirements of...

A base station antenna is an RF component capable of critically affecting performance of a cellular system. Down tilting base station antennas is used in mobile communication to prevent co-channel interference. In this paper, we introduce antenna configuration for electrical downtilt. Here a genetically optimized technique is employed. Printed circuit dipoles are employed as radiation elements.

A Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) composed of a large number of sensor nodes within a sensing geographical area. Energy consumption is considered a major WSNs issue. Therefore, a considerable number of researches have investigated various ways to reduce energy consumption. One of the best techniques used to reduce energy consumption is clustering. Clustering helps to improve the network perform...

The interand intrasite correlation properties of shadow fading and power-weighted angle spread at both the mobile station and the base station are studied utilizing narrowband multisite MIMO measurements in the 1800 MHz band. The influence of the distance between two base stations on the correlation is studied in an urban environment. Measurements have been conducted for two different situation...

Much work on wireless sensor networks deals with or considers the hot spot problem, i.e., the problem that the sensor nodes closest to the base station are critical for the lifetime of the sensor network because these nodes need to relay more packet than nodes further away from the base station. Since it is often assumed that sensor nodes will become inexpensive, a simple solution to the hot sp...

| In cellular wireless communication systems, transmitted power is regulated to provide each user an acceptable connection while limiting the interference seen by other users. Previous work has focused on maximizing the minimum carrier to interference ratio (CIR) or attaining a common CIR over all radio links. However, previous work has assumed the assignment of mobiles to base stations is know...

Herein, the interand intra-site correlation properties of shadow fading and power-weighted angular spread at both the mobile station and the base station are studied utilizing narrow band multi-site MIMO measurements in the 1800MHz band. The influence of the distance between two base stations on the correlation is studied in an urban environment. Measurements have been conducted for two differe...

Although WiMAX is considered to be the last mile protocol but its security still remains a question because it neither encrypts the MAC (Media access control) headers nor the media MAC management messages. Therefore, an attacker can easily launch passive attacks to monitor WiMAX traffic and can retrieve valuable information from unencrypted MAC management messages. This research paper focuses o...

This study developed a load balancing early handoff scheme that enables transfer part of heavy load in a base station to the others using the overlap between base stations in wireless cellular networks. The proposed scheme reduces the new call blocking probability (CBP) and handoff call connection dropping probability (CDP) as well as to increase the resource utilization of wireless networks. S...

Energy efficiency has a vital role to mitigate increased power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Future wireless communication systems should be designed in such a way that energy efficiency as an important design rule. Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) have recently being considered as an effective approach to provide better cellular network coverage and capacity. In the proposed system...