The present experiment was conducted to study diet digestibility, feed intake, animal performance and carcass characteristics of growing dairy bulls offered diets based on whole-crop barley, a mixture of whole-crop barley and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) or a mixture of whole-crop wheat and hairy vetch relative to moderate digestible grass silage-based diet. The feeding experiment with 24 ...

Four methods were adopted, including the mobile nylon bag (MNB) method, modified three-step in vitro (MTS) method, original three-step in vitro (OTS) method, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) estimating method, to evaluate the intestinal digestibility of rumen undegradable protein (DRUP) of 10 types of concentrates and 7 types of roughages. After correlation analysis to determine the...

Four ruminally fistulated Holstein heifers (BW = 385 +/- 6.2 kg) were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to determine the effect of feeding frequency on intake, water consumption, ruminal fermentation, and feeding and animal behavior. The treatments consisted of different feeding frequencies: a) once daily (T1); b) twice daily (T2); c) 3 times daily (T3); and d) 4 times daily (T4). Heifers...

GRIGOROVA, N., T. SLAVOV, P. TODOROVA, V. RADEV and I. VARLYAKOV, 2012. Effects of exogenous enzyme preparations on protozoan population and cellulolytic activity in the rumen of yearling rams. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 18: 296-303 The effects of supplementing diets for yearling rams with exogenous enzyme preparations Hostazym C 100 and Hostazym X 100 on the total number of infusoria, their genetic...

Our objective was to measure the proximate, starch, amino acid, and mineral compositions of grains, grain co-products, and other carbohydrate sources with potential use in pet foods. Thirty-two samples from barley (barley flake, cut barley, ground pearled barley, malted barley, whole pearled barley, pearled barley flakes, and steamed rolled barley); oats (groats, ground oatmeal, ground steamed ...

The origin and domestication of cultivated barley have long been under debate. A population-based resequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the single copy of RPB2 gene was used to address barley domestication, to explore genetic differentiation of barley populations on the worldwide scale, and to understand gene-pool exchanges during the spread and subsequent development of barley cultivation....

Amelioration of cardiovascular risk through a high intake of dietary fibre was originally highlighted by Ancel Keys and colleagues in the Journal of Nutrition in 1960 (Keys et al. 1960). More than 45 years later there is a growing body of evidence supporting the association between intake of whole grains and decreased incidence of fatal and nonfatal CHD (Liu et al. 1999; Steffen et al. 2003; Je...

The prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasing continuously worldwide. These metabolic diseases are associated with many health issues, including increased risk of depression and cognitive impairment. Whole grain (WG) has shown potential to prevent obesity, T2D and CVD. One mechanism can be related to gut fermentation of specific indigestible car...

The present and future high demand of common cereals as corn wheat encourage the development feed processing technology that allows for dietary inclusion other low nutritional value in poultry feeding. Barley grains contain anti-nutritional factors limit their industry. treatment barley with solid-state fermentation exogenous enzymes (FBEs) provides a good alternative to cereals. In this study,...

Increased demands for corn grain warrant the evaluation of alternative grain types for ruminant production systems. This study was conducted to determine the effects of hulled and hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars compared with corn (Zea mays L.) as an alternative grain type on fermentation in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Three continuous fermentors were fed 14 g of d...