New five seven-membered vibsane-type diterpenes named 5-epi-vibsanin C, 5-epi-vibsanin H, 5-epi-vibsanin K, 18-O-methyl-5-epi-vibsanin K and 5-epi-vibsanin E have been isolated from the leaves of Viburnum awabuki (Caplifoliaceae). Their structures have been elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data and comparison of their spectral data with those of the previously known seven-membered vibsan...

Although quinine, the active ingredient of chinchona bark, has been used in the treatment of malaria for several centuries, there is little information regarding the interactions of this drug with the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. To better understand quinine's mode of action and the mechanism underpinning reduced responsiveness, we have investigated the factors that contribute ...

Three to six hours after the administration of extracts of neem bark or flower, the blood glucose levels of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice dropped significantly. However, neem flower possesses stronger hypoglycemic activity than the bark. Hypoglycemic action of these extracts may be due to their metabolic effect on tissue and or due to increase in insulin secretion.

Certain species of bark beetles in the insect order Coleoptera, family Curculionidae (formerly Scolytidae), are keystone species in forest ecosystems. However, the tree-killing and wood-boring bark and ambrosia beetles are also among the most damaging insects of forest products including lumber, paper, and ornamental/recreational trees. The pest status of these beetles has been elevated with th...

Ethanol extract of the stem bark of Streblus asper Lour was considered for qualitative assessment for its secondary metabolites content like alkaloids, glycosides, sterols and others. Bark extract revealed anticarcenogenic i.e. antimitotic, cytotoxic and antitumor activities. Results of different anticarcenogenic activities of the bark extract were discussed in relation to its secondary metabol...

Spruce bark is a source of interesting polyphenolic compounds and also a potential but little studied feedstock for sugar route biorefinery processes. Enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of spruce bark sugars to ethanol were studied after three different pretreatments: steam explosion (SE), hot water extraction (HWE) at 80 °C, and sequential hot water extraction and steam explosion (HWE+SE), ...

This study examined the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the stem bark of the traditional medicinal plant, Hildegardia poulifolia (Sterculiaceae), an endangered species. Methanolic bark extract of this species was investigated for the antinociceptive effect by using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods in albino mice and antiinflammatory activity by carrageenan, ...

BARK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: Scolytinae) are well-recognized vectors of Ophiostoma species. Three non-native bark beetle species infest various Pinus species in South Africa, and they are known to carry at least 12 different species of ophiostomatoid fungi. Some of these fungi have not been identified to species level. The aim of this study was to determine or confirm the identities of Ophiostoma ...

Maclura tinctoria (L.) D. Don ex Steud. has one of the highest qualities among the coefficients for Brazilian woods (up to 9.6) and resistance rates equivalent to Indian teak (Tectona grandis). In this study, the macromolecular constituents and total phenols compounds as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this wood were evaluated. Total phenols and proanthocyanidin levels w...

The molluscicidal activity of Bauhinia variegata leaf and Mimusops elengi bark was studied against vector snail Lymnaea acuminata. The toxicity of both plants was time and concentration-dependent. Among organic extracts, ethanol extracts of both plants were more toxic. Toxicity of B. variegata leaf ethanolic extract (96h LC50- 14.4 mg/L) was more pronounced than M. elengi bark ethanolic extract...