Haze in the Klang Valley of Malaysia M. D. Keywood , G. P. Ayers, J. L. Gras, R. Boers, and C. P. Leong CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Australia Atmospheric Research Division, KNMI, The Netherlands Malaysian Meteorological Service, Malaysia now at: California Institute of Technology, USA Received: 15 November 2002 – Accepted: 16 January 2003 – Published: 10 February 2003 Correspondence to: M. D. K...

We examined the distribution of ground-flora species (herbaceous and woody species <1 m tall) across riparian areas of northeastern Wisconsin in an effort to understand how hierarchical landscape properties, such as the physiographic system (ground moraine and outwash plain), valley system (constrained and unconstrained), and valley floor landforms influence distribution patterns of ground-flor...

Electrically controlling the flow of charge carriers is the foundation of modern electronics. By accessing the extra spin degree of freedom (DOF) in electronics, spintronics allows for information processes such as magnetoresistive random-access memory. Recently, atomic membranes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) were found to support unequal and distinguishable carrier distribution i...

VALDRIFT (valley drift) is a valley atmospheric transport, diffusion, and deposition model. The model is phenomenological—that is, the dominant meteorological processes governing the behavior of the valley atmosphere are formulated explicitly in the model, although in a highly parameterized fashion. The key meteorological processes treated are 1) nonsteady and nonhomogeneous along-valley winds ...

We report direct measurements of the valley susceptibility, the change of valley population in response to an applied symmetry-breaking strain, in an AlAs two-dimensional electron system. As the two-dimensional density is reduced, the valley susceptibility dramatically increases relative to its band value, reflecting the system's strong electron-electron interaction. The increase has a remarkab...

Manipulating spin polarization of electrons in nonmagnetic semiconductors by means of electric fields or optical fields is an essential theme of the conceptual nonmagnetic semiconductor-based spintronics. Here we experimentally demonstrate an electric method of detecting spin polarization in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) generated by circularly polarized optical pumping. The...

We report the valley-selective interlayer conduction of SrMnBi(2) under in-plane magnetic fields. The c-axis resistivity of SrMnBi(2) shows clear angular magnetoresistance oscillations indicating coherent interlayer conduction. Strong fourfold variation of the coherent peak in the c-axis resistivity reveals that the contribution of each Dirac valley is significantly modulated by the in-plane fi...