The granulometric range used has a direct influence on the life of ballast layer when subjected to load generated by rail traffic. However, in Brazil, we have only two size ranges be used. publications related subject matter under study express need for continuous grain strip, different from ones usually our railways. This more band would provide less deformation and reduction degradation, gran...

The ballast used in ballasted railway tracks transmits load from the rails and ties to subgrade during train travel, directly affects overall track support performance elastic behavior of track. Due material limitations ballast, it is difficult quantitatively manage its performance, status, shape maintenance, use requires continuous maintenance management work. In this study on a proposed mater...

Elastic elements such as rail pads, under sleeper pads and under ballast mats are railway components that allow for a reduction in track deterioration and vibrations. And they are furthermore commonly used to obtain an optimal vertical stiffness of the infrastructure. However, the use of elastomeric materials can increase construction costs and the consumption of raw materials. Thus, the utiliz...

This study investigated the potential for transport of organisms between Hobart, Macquarie Island and the Antarctic continent by ships used in support of Antarctic science and tourism. Northward transport of plankton in ballast water is more likely than southward transport because ballast is normally loaded in the Antarctic and unloaded at the home port. Culturing of ballast water samples revea...

The presence and abundance of non-indigenous, and/or harmful or toxic dinoflagellate species in ballast sediments is examined for 65 cargo ships visiting ports on the East coast of Canada, as part of the Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN). Ships visiting several ports in the provinces of Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were sampled during three summers (2007, 2008, 2009). T...

This paper is based on the design and analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion(THD) and power factor for Compact Fluorescent Lamp. In the proposed electronic ballast Buck Boost converter operates in the continuous conduction mode, which provides a constant DC voltage to drive the lamp.By choosing the switching frequency more than the resonant frequency the zero voltage switching is achieved in res...

Natural or anthropogenic movement of sediments may be an important vector for the dispersal of invertebrate resting stages between water bodies. Here we record the presence of invertebrate diapausing eggs in residual sediments from transoceanic vessels and explore whether these may pose an invasion risk. Viability of diapausing eggs was explored under light and dark conditions using sediment co...

This digest presents the study, design and implementation of an electronic ballast for high-pressure sodium lamp. The main feature is the capacity to detect and avoid the phenomenon known as acoustic resonance. Several techniques are discussed to solve the problems related to resonance acoustic detection, what take to real time system solution chosen. Besides this, a high efficiency prototype i...

The depths from 10 to 30 m are usually not considered narcotic in scuba air-diving, and evidence of psychomotor disturbances attributable to nitrogen narcosis at these depths is weak and contradictory. 15 experienced male divers were tested in a chamber at 1, 2, 3, and 4 bars over five consecutive days using a battery of computer generated psychological tests-Computerized Reactionmeter Drenovac...