Purpose Motivated by recent rapid exchange rate depreciations, shrank economic growth, high inflation, and persistent trade deficits, this study examines the balance (TB) in face of dynamics stated macroeconomic factors, which are also important determinants TB. The symmetric test J-curve phenomenon for selected Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries is revisited regard. uses panel data from 1970 ...

We examine the composition of bilateral trade between the United States and each of eight Asian Pacific economies from 1962 to 1992. Two complementary time series analyses of individual commodities at the SITC four-digit level indicate that significant change occurred in trade composition during this period. For the eight bilateral trade relationships, commodities representing from fifty to sev...

An optimal commodity tax approach is taken to compare trade taxes and VATs when some commodities are produced informally. Trade taxes apply to all imports and exports, including intermediate goods while the VAT applies only to sales by the formal sector and imports. The VAT can achieve production efficiency within the formal sector, but unlike the trade tax regime, it cannot indirectly tax pure...

Energy-efficient scheduling is an effective way to balance the system performance and the energy consumption. We design a polynomialtime (1 + )-approximation algorithm to minimize the energy consumption for periodic real-time tasks over such processors, where is the tolerable error given by users (1 ≥ > 0). It provides trade-offs between the user’s tolerable error and the runtime complexity inc...

This paper analyses the economic effects of different magnitudes of tariff cuts, different tariff cutting formulas, the implications of tariff capping as well as different numbers and width of tariff bands in the market access pillar of the Doha Round agricultural negotiations. The simulations are conducted with an extended version of the GTAP model and an extended version of the GTAP data base...

Trade subject to predation generates externalities within and between markets. Efficient tax, infrastructure and enforcement policies internalize the net externality — more trade ⇒ fewer predators but drawn to trade at rising cost. The balance is positive (negative) as enforcement is weak (strong). Dual economies pair weak Periphery and strong Core enforcement markets. Efficient taxation and in...