The Ex-Gratia Compensation Scheme was introduced by the Government of Malaysia in 1994 to provide compensation, which is not covered by any prior legislation, for all its workers suffering from injuries and illnesses due to work. Despite more than ten years of implementation, the submission for claims is still minimal and there is an impression that awareness on the provision of Ex-Gratia benef...

Minimal Logic, i.e. intuitionistic logic without the ex falso principle, is investigated in its original form with a negation symbol instead of a symbol denoting the contradiction. A Kripke semantics is developed for minimal logic and its sublogics with a still weaker negation by introducing a function on the upward closed sets of the models. The basic logic is a logic in which the negation has...

Given the return series for a set of instruments, a trading strategy is a switching function that transfers wealth from one instrument to another at specified times. We present efficient algorithms for constructing (ex-post) trading strategies that are optimal with respect to the total return, the Sterling ratio and the Sharpe ratio. Such optimal strategies are useful as benchmarks, and for ide...

Autonomous systems are widely used today in industry. The human-machine relationship in these systems is primarily that of a human supervisory role. This paper explores the concept of human-robot teams where each member of the team has the ability to assume initiative within a task. Key to this effort is not only the ability of the human to understand and predict robot performance, but the robo...

It is no exaggeration to say that Capital Theory is fundamental to everything else in Austrian Economics. It lies at its core, implicit in discussions of monetary policy, the business cycle, the entrepreneur, and the subjectivity of value and expectations. Prior to the Keynesian revolution it was Capital Theory for which the Austrian School was most known among mainstream economists. With the a...

Background and Objective: Lead entry into the body causes considerable damages to the brain in the long term. We aimed to investigate the effects of exercise (treadmill running) and flaxseed oil on lead acetate-induced behavioral deficits in male rats.  Materials and Methods: 60 rats were divided into 6 groups: Control (C), Exercise (Ex), Flaxseed oil (FO), Lead (L), Lead- Exercise (L-Ex), and...

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are immunologically mediated disorders. Several therapies focused on activated T cells as key targets. Although Lactobacillus kefiri has shown anti-inflammatory effects in animal models, few studies were done using human mucosal cells. The aim this work was to investigate immunomodulatory bacterium i...