Cytoplasmic dynein is a minus-end-directed microtubule motor whose mechanism of movement remains poorly understood. Here, we use optical tweezers to examine the force-dependent stepping behavior of yeast cytoplasmic dynein. We find that dynein primarily advances in 8 nm increments but takes other sized steps (4-24 nm) as well. An opposing force induces more frequent backward stepping by dynein,...

It is postulated that the decreased walking speed; small, shuffling steps; and "freezing" shown by patients with Parkinson's disease could stem from an inability to tilt the body forward enough to provide sufficient forward propulsion. In two repeated-measures studies we examined whether adaptation to upward-shifting prisms, resulting in a downward after-effect, could improve gait initiation in...

Pendahuluan: Osteoarthritis menyebabkan banyak keterbatasan fungsional yang berdampak terhadap hilangnya kemandirian hingga disabilitas. Backward walking exercise merupakan intervensi menunjang meningkatkan kemampuan sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan desain two group pretest – posttest with design. Kelompok perlakuan ...

The purpose of this research is to generate a stable motion for a hydraulic actuated biped robot. Since the application effect of most dynamic biped robot locomotion theories is not very well and the static walk pattern is hard to realize on human-sized hydraulic actuated biped robot because of the small size of foot compared with body height. In this study, we propose a trajectory planning met...

Gait pattern generation has an important influence on the walking quality of biped robots. In most gait methods, it is usually assumed that torso keeps vertical during walking. It very intuitive and simple. However, may not be efficient. this paper, we propose a with pitch motion (TPM) We also present keeping (TKV) to study effects TPM energy efficiency define cyclic five-link robot several par...

Supervised learning is used to build a control policy for robust, dynamic walking of an underactuated bipedal robot. The training and testing sets consist of controllers based on a full dynamic model, virtual constraints, and parameter optimization to meet torque limits, friction cone, and environmental conditions. The controllers are designed to induce periodic walking gaits at various speeds,...