Absnocr--This paper considers the problem of dynamically establishing dependable connections ( D c ~ ~ ~ t i ~ n s ) with peci6ed failure restoration guarantees in wavelength-routed wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) networks. We call a connection with fault tolerant requirements as a D-connection. We recommend using a pro-active approach to fault tolerance wherein a D-connection is identifl...

Fault tolerance is an important aspect of real-time computer systems, since timing constraints must not be violated. When dealing with multiprocessor systems, fault tolerance becomes an even greater requirement, since there are more components that can fail. In this paper, we present the analysis of a faulttolerant scheduling algorithm for real-time applications on multiprocessors. Our algorith...

In this paper, we consider the design of large-scale hub-and-spoke transportation networks in a competitive environment. We adopt the hub arc location model that locates arcs with discounted transport costs connecting pairs of hub facilities. Two firms compete for passengers in a Stackelberg framework where the leader firm locates hub arcs to maximize its revenue, given that the follower firm w...

There are several ways to create an exact recognizer for the language defined by a context free grammar. The recursive backup technique, proposed by [Kos75], is capable of handling (locally) ambiguous grammars. Due to its structure, it is not limited to context free grammars, but applicable for affix grammars in general. This paper shows that ‘tactful’ recursive backup parsing can be efficient,...

Primary/Backup has been well studied as an effective fault-tolerance technique. In this paper, with the objectives of tolerating a single permanent fault and maintaining system reliability with respect to transient faults, we study dynamic-priority based energy-efficient fault-tolerance scheduling algorithms for periodic real-time tasks running on multiprocessor systems by exploiting the primar...

With the negative effects of the popular Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique on transient faults being considered, the Primary/Backup approach has recently been exploited to save energy while preserving system reliability. In this paper, with the objectives of tolerating a single permanent fault and maintaining system reliability with respect to transient faults, we study ene...

We consider the hub location problem, where p hubs are chosen from a given set of nodes, each nonhub node is connected to exactly one hub and each hub is connected to a central hub. Links are installed on the arcs of the resulting network to route the traffic. The aim is to find the hub locations and the connections to minimize the link installation cost. We propose two formulations and a heuri...

The airlines reorganization will accelerate the switch of the Chinese mainland civil aviation system from a former point-to-point (PP) structure to a hub-and-spoke (HS) network. In such a context, the major efforts of our paper are put into identifying hub airports in mainland China. We first analyze the HS network’s competitive advantages and find four desirable hub characteristics. A three-le...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to assess normal hearing listeners' performance in detecting a stationary backup alarm signal and to quantify the linear distance at detection point. METHOD Detection distances for 12 participants with normal hearing were measured while they were fitted with 7 hearing protectors and while they were unoccluded (open ear). A standard (narrowband) backup ...