The first functional load-carrying and energetically autonomous exoskeleton was demonstrated at U.C. Berkeley, walking at the average speed of 0.9 m/s (2 mph) while carrying a 34 kg (75 lb) payload. The original BLEEX sensitivity amplification controller, based on positive feedback, was designed to increase the closed loop system sensitivity to its wearer’s forces and torques without any direct...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to compare pole and no-pole conditions during uphill backpacking, which was simulated on an inclined treadmill with a moderately heavy (22.4 kg, 30% body mass) backpack. METHODS Physiological measurements of oxygen consumption, heart rate, and RPE were taken during 1 h of backpacking in each condition, along with joint kinematic and electromyograph...

In the area of logistics, there currently is a capability gap between the one-ton Army robotic Multifunction Utility/Logistics and Equipment (MULE) vehicle and a soldier’s backpack. The Unmanned Systems Branch at Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR Systems Center, or SSC), San Diego, with the assistance of a group of interns from nearby High Tech High School, has demonstrated enablin...

Aim: Single-strap bags cause asymmetric load-carrying and postural asymmetry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single-strap bag on peak vertical ground reaction forces (PVGRFs) and on postural stability when it is worn in different positions. Methods: 6 volunteer women were assessed in the Human Movement Laboratory. Force platforms were used to measure both the ground reaction f...

Recommendations on backpack loading advice restricting the load to 10% of body weight and carrying the load high on the spine. The effects of increasing load (0%-5%-10%-15% of body weight) and changing the placement of the load on the spine, thoracic vs. lumbar placement, during standing and gait were analysed in 20 college-aged students by studying physiological, biomechanical and subjective d...

PURPOSE A systematic review of the literature was conducted to answer the following questions: 1. Does usage or weight of load carriage system cause pain, perceived exertion or discomfort? 2. Can load carriage system placement on the spine influence pain, perceived exertion or discomfort? 3. Can load carriage system design influence the amount of pain, perceived exertion or discomfort caused by...

Most top end smart phones come with a handful of sensors today. We see this growth continuing over the next decade with an explosion of new distributed sensor applications supporting both personal sensing with local use (e.g., healthcare) to distributed sensing with large scale community (e.g., air quality, stress levels and well being), population and global use. One fundamental building block...