Vitamins may be required in minute amounts by the body, but they are undeniably necessary for normal metabolic and physiological processes. The discovery of vitamins and an improved understanding of their functions are among the most important achievements of this century. Most vitamin deficiency diseases are rarely seen today except in developing countries. What exactly are vitamins? The natur...

Vitamins are organic substances needed for normal cell functioning in the human body, and therefore human health. People who train sports require an optimal psychophysical performance in order to achieve the best sports results. Athletes’ needs for vitamins may be higher than in general population, also they are taking vitamin supplements more often than other people. Thus, it is very important...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To determine the effect of B vitamin treatment on the incidence of cancer among patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. METHODS A total of 8164 patients with recent stroke or transient ischemic attack were randomly allocated to double-blind treatment with 1 tablet daily of placebo or B vitamins (2 mg folic acid, 25 mg vitamin B(6), 500 μg vitamin B(12)) and f...

depression, as a mental disorder, affects more than 300 million people of all ages every year. it is said to be associated with neuroinflammation. depression has affected women more than men. over the world, people are disabled due to depression rather than any other condition. neuroinflammation is the brain’s reaction to injury. apparently there is a link between neuroinflammation and depressi...

BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to assess the effects of B-group vitamins and folic acid administration on serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) on short-term metformin treatment. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group 1 patients (n = 20) received metformin (850 mg twice daily); group 2 patie...

BACKGROUND B-vitamin deficiencies have been associated with depression; however, there is very little prospective evidence from population-based studies of older adults. OBJECTIVE We examined whether dietary intakes of vitamins B-6, folate, or vitamin B-12 were predictive of depressive symptoms over an average of 7.2 y in a community-based population of older adults. DESIGN The study sample...

BACKGROUND Elevated homocysteine concentrations may contribute to cognitive impairment. Most elevations in homocysteine result from inadequate folate, vitamin B-12, or vitamin B-6 intake. It is not clear whether the observed associations between homocysteine and cognitive measures are causal or whether they are due to homocysteine, to independent actions of the B vitamins, or to both. OBJECTI...

BACKGROUND Homocysteine has been postulated as a novel, potentially reversible risk factor for osteoporosis and related fractures. We evaluated whether homocysteine-lowering therapy with B-vitamins in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease reduced the incidence of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS VITAmins To Prevent Stroke (VITATOPS) was a prospective randomised double-blind placebo...

Marine sediments can contain B vitamins, presumably incorporated from settled, decaying phytoplankton and microorganisms associated with decomposition. Because B vitamins may be advantageous for the energetically intensive processes of metamorphosis, post-metamorphic growth, and reproduction, we tested several B vitamins to determine if they would stimulate larvae of the deposit-feeding polycha...

Since the demonstration of the dual nature of vitamin B in 1926 (1, 2) which has been amply confirmed in recent years (35), there has been no satisfactory method for the separation of the heat-labile antineuritic (vitamin B,) from the more heat-stable growth-promoting (vitamin B,) component of the vitamin B complex. There are numerous experiments recorded in the lit,erature indicating that at l...