We report a young male with an initial excisional biopsy report of melanoma of the lower back, referred to our hospital for complete excision and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.  Four peritumoral intradermal Tc-99m phytate injection was performed and SLNs were detected in both axillary and right inguinal regions. On the biopsy only the right axillary SLN was metastatic leading to right axilla...

OBJECTIVE To compare the results between harmonics scalpel and electrocautery use in axillary dissection for carcinoma breast. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Surgery, Services Hospital, Lahore, from December 2013 to June 2014. METHODOLOGY Eighty patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and equally divided in two groups. ...

The majority of the axillary artery aneurysm cases arise as pseudoaneurysms secondary to blunt or iatrogenic trauma. Isolated traumatic true axillary artery aneurysm is a relatively unusual disorder and generally occurs with repetitive blunt trauma. A 22-year-old female patient with distal axillary artery true aneurysm due to simple blunt axillothoracic trauma is presented. The aneurysm was exc...

The potential for breast cancer to present with lymphatic metastases, has instilled anxiety when women present with axillary masses. We discuss a simple and reliable clinical sign that can help clinicians to distinguish between axillary nodal metastases and accessory axillary breast tissue. Awareness and recognition of the "V-sign" can allay anxiety in women with accessary axillary breast tissu...

Plants differ from most animals in their ability to initiate new cycles of growth and development, which relies on the establishment and activity of branch meristems harboring new stem cell niches. In seed plants, this is achieved by axillary meristems, which are established in the axil of each leaf base and develop into lateral branches. Here, we describe the initial processes of Arabidopsis t...

Many origins and insertions of an axillary muscular slip (also known as Langer's or axillary arch muscles) have been documented previously. In this report, we found duplicated axillary arch muscles (two variant muscular slips) originating from the inferolateral border of the right side latissimus dorsi muscle. Obviously, these axillary arch muscles can be distinguished as short and long muscula...

Imaging of the axilla typically occurs when patients present with axillary symptoms or newly diagnosed breast cancer. An awareness of the axillary anatomy is essential in order to generate an accurate differential diagnosis and guide patient management. The purpose of this article is to review the indications for axillary imaging, discuss the logistics of the scanning technique and percutaneous...

BACKGROUND The management of cancer in the axillary area depends on the etiology of the tumor. CASE REPORT A 37-year-old woman presented with a 2 cm mass in the axillary fossa. Core needle biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. There were no abnormal breast findings on physical examination, mammography, or ultrasonography. However, enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomo...

The status of axillary lymph nodes is a key prognostic indicator in patients with breast cancer and helps guide patient management. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is increasingly being used as a less morbid alternative to axillary lymph node dissection. However, when sentinel lymph node biopsy is positive, axillary dissection is typically performed for complete staging and local control. Axillary u...

Introduction Axillary arch is an additional muscle bundle of various dimensions extending from latissimus dorsi in the posterior fold of the axilla, to the pectoralis major in the anterior fold, to the short head of the biceps brachii or to the coracoid process [1, 2]. Ramsay, in 1795, described the axillary arch for the first time. He gave the description of a muscle bundle connecting pectoral...