background: axillary nodal spread is an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. axillary nodal dissection and subsequent pathological examination is considered the gold standard technique of assessing the axilla for metastatic disease. a minimum of ten level i axillary nodes are required to be examined before an axillary specimen can be reliably labeled as disease free. this recommendat...

background : invasive ductal carcinoma is one of the most common type of tumors in females, constituting a single large group of breast cancers. there are various prognostic factors, of which tumor grade, size and axillary lymph node metastasis are among the important ones. fine needle aspiration cytology is a commonly used diagnostic technique in the initial evaluation of breast lumps. in the ...

BACKGROUND For patients with early breast cancer and lymph node metastasis, axillary treatment is widely recommended. This is either surgical removal of the axillary lymph nodes, or axillary radiotherapy. The rationale for axillary treatment is that it will reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, and may improve survival. However, both treatments are associated with adverse effects, such a...

      Aims: temporal artery thermometers (TAT) of new tools for measuring body temperature, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of thermometers and is still uncertain accuracy and reliability this thermometers.This study to evaluate the accuracy of the two methods of measuring body temperature by the thermometer axillary and temporal artery compared with nas...

Axillary hyperhidrosis results from excessive sweat production in the armpits. It adversely impacts a patient’s quality of life. In this update, we attempt to discuss basics, pathophysiology, and management axillary hyperhidrosis.

HYPOTHESIS Management strategies affect the outcome of axillary recurrence in breast cancer. DESIGN Population-based analysis. SETTING Cancer agency breast cancer database. PATIENTS Two hundred twenty women diagnosed with stage 0 through III breast cancer between 1989 and 2003 who subsequently developed an isolated axillary relapse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall survival rate and diseas...

Background: For patients with early breast cancer and lymph node metastasis, axillary treatment is widely recommended. This is either surgical removal of the axillary lymph nodes, or axillary radiotherapy. The rationale for axillary treatment is that it will reduce the risk of recurrence in the axilla, and may improve survival. However, both treatments are associated with adverse effects, such ...

Introduction The cephalic vein begins at the radial end of the dorsal venous arch at the back of the hand, winds around the radial border of the forearm, and ascends in the arm on the lateral side of the biceps brachii muscle. The vein lies within the superficial fascia, and pierces the deep fascia to drain into axillary vein in the shoulder region [1, 2]. The origin of the basilic vein is the ...