We examine the question of whether a collection of random walks on a graph can be coupled so that they never collide. In particular, we show that on the complete graph on n vertices, with or without loops, there is a Markovian coupling keeping apart Ω(n/ logn) random walks, taking turns to move in discrete time.

* All three authors: Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University. We thank Joël van der Weele and three anonymous reviewers for comments. † Go to https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151245 to visit the article page and view author disclosure statement(s). one can, according to standard economic assumptions, ignore it at no cost. Consistent with standard theory, there are co...

The systematic avoidance of indoor allergens by modification of houses, furnishings, or hygiene practices has long been advocated to reduce both the incidence of allergic diseases in at-risk infants and exacerbations or symptoms in those previously sensitized with such a disease. However, such advocacy is now under challenge, due to both a lack of evidence of clinical efficacy of avoidance meas...

This study aims to analyze and prove empirically (1) the effect of executive character on Tax Avoidance, (2) thin capitalization Avoidance (3) book tax gap Avoidance. research method is carried out by taking secondary data, namely manufacturing companies listed Indonesia Stock Exchange for period 2018 2020. The data collection technique uses purposive sampling used in analyzing multiple regress...

Given the a priori knowledge of the environment and the goal position, mobile robot navigation refers to the robot’s ability to safely move towards the goal using its knowledge and the sensorial information of the surrounding environment. Even though there are many different ways to approach navigation, most of them share a set of common components or blocks, among which path planning and obsta...

Craving is only one component of the mental processes that influence drinking behavior. Alcohol-related cues (ARCs) can set in motion a dynamic competition between inclinations to approach drinking and inclinations to avoid drinking. Craving can thus be integrated into a comprehensive model of decisionmaking in which ambivalence or conflict is a key element. The relative strength of each compon...

Increased use of software in controlhg safetycritical systems produced an urgent need to specify and analyze behavior of these systems systematically and rigorously. Statecharts formalism, a popular extension of conventional finite state machines, has been successfully used for specifying requirements of many reactive systems including the TCAS 11, an aircraft collision avoidance system. Howeve...

Definition Learning to avoid aversive outcomes is crucial for survival, and it is ubiquitous in everyday life. This entry focuses on ▶ active avoidance, in which performing a certain behavior prevents an aversive outcome that would otherwise occur. ▶Avoidance learning in that context consists of learning to perform the appropriate behaviors in the appropriate circumstances to prevent aversive o...

Elevated levels of fear and avoidance are core symptoms across the anxiety disorders. It has long been known that fear serves to motivate avoidance. Consequently, fear extinction has been the primary focus in pre-clinical anxiety research for decades, under the implicit assumption that removing the motivator of avoidance (fear) would automatically mitigate the avoidance behaviors as well. Altho...