Barrier to autointegration factor (BAF) is a DNA-binding protein found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that functions to establish nuclear architecture during mitosis. Herein, we demonstrate a cytoplasmic role for BAF in host defense during poxviral infections. Vaccinia is the prototypic poxvirus, a family of DNA viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected c...

Vaccination strategies involving priming with DNA and boosting with a poxvirus vector have emerged as a preferred combination for the induction of protective CD8 T cell immunity. Using IFN-gamma ELISPOT and a series of DNA plasmid, peptide, and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine combinations, we demonstrate that the DNA/MVA combination was uniquely able to enhance IFN-gamma secretion by Ag-...

Organotypic "raft" cultures of epithelial cells allow the reconstitution of a skin equivalent that is easily infectible with different viruses with cutaneous tropism. Among these, poxvirus and particularly vaccinia virus (VV) are good candidates for use in antiviral tests, giving histological pictures comparable to those observed in humans infected with smallpox. Therefore, we decided to evalua...

ABST RACT The objective of this immunohistochemical study was to examine the expression of caspase-3,-5,-7, and -9 in sheep pox lesions in 15 naturally infected crossbred merino lambs. Sheep pox was diagnosed based on typical gross and histopathological lesions in the skin and visceral organs that were evaluated pathologically and immunohistochemically. Macroscopically, lesions were observed in...

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was studied in poxvirus-infected cells by measuring (14)C-thymidine incorporation into viral and host cell DNA. A complete separation of the two species of DNA was achieved by combining the previously used "Dounce method" with a separation method based on different reannealing properties of viral and vertebrate DNA. Shortly after infection of HeLa cells wit...

Poxviruses of seals and sea lions have been tentatively identified as both orthopoxviruses and parapoxviruses, but their exact identity remained unconfirmed. Here, poxviral DNA sequences were generated from 39 clinical cases and compared to sequences from earlier poxvirus isolates from seals (Phocidae) and sea lions (Otariidae). Six genetically distinct poxvirus strains were detected, of which ...

background: avian influenza (ai) viruses have been isolated from a wide diversity of free-living avian species representing several orders. since 1998, h9n2 ai outbreaks have been one of the major problems in iranian poultry industry. in 2006, h5n1 was reported in swans in the north of iran first , but until now there has been no official report from commercial flocks in iran. objectives: the a...

Today, the World Health Organization has declared a global health emergency, caused by Monkeypox outbreak. In monthly analysis for June, 3500 cases have been reported in 50 countries around world. July, more than 30000 75 countries. Thus, circumstances of continuing COVID-19 pandemic, appearance and dynamics spreading is alarming. this paper, first time, elemental composition Poxvirus, virus, V...

The usefulness of negative-contrast electron microscopy in the rapid differential diagnosis of poxvirus and herpesvirus exanthems is described in this study of 301 specimens from patients with vesicular exanthematous diseases. Specimens from patients with smallpox, various forms of vaccination complications, varicella, zoster (shingles), and herpes simplex are included in this evaluation. Elect...

Resolvase enzymes that cleave DNA four-way (Holliday) junctions are required for poxvirus replication, but clinically useful inhibitors have not been developed. Here, we report an assay for resolvase cleavage activity based on fluorescence polarization (FP) for high-throughput screening and mechanistic studies. Initial analysis showed that cleavage of a fluorescently labeled Holliday junction s...