OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether eye size and shape are different in children based on their parental history of myopia. DESIGN A community-based cohort study of schoolchildren (aged 6 to 14 years), the Orinda (Calif) Longitudinal Study of Myopia. SETTING Four campuses of the Orinda Union School District, a predominantly white, high socioeconomic status community. PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectio...

In the present paper we discuss the development of "wave-front", an instrument for determining the lower and higher optical aberrations of the human eye. We also discuss the advantages that such instrumentation and techniques might bring to the ophthalmology professional of the 21st century. By shining a small light spot on the retina of subjects and observing the light that is reflected back f...

BACKGROUND With increasing availability of toric intraocular lenses (IOL) for cataract surgery, real-world refractive outcome data is needed to aid the counselling of patients regarding lens choice. We aim to assess the outcomes of toric intraocular lens use in the non-specialist environment of a typical United Kingdom NHS cataract service. METHODS A retrospective cohort study conducted at th...

purpose: to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among elderly residents of mashhad during 2006 based on age and gender. methods: through proportionate cluster random sampling, urban residents of mashhad aged 55 years or more were invited to attend the vision clinic of mashhad medical university for an eye examination including autorefraction and subjective refraction. results: of 1,54...

purpose : to determine the prevalence of refractive condition and its risk factors among students in mashhad . methods : a total of 2510 students representing a cross-sectional of the population of mashhad were sampled using random cluster sampling strategy. primary and middle school students underwent cycloplegic refraction. the refractive errors of high school students were measured using non...

BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese eye exercises of acupoints involve acupoint self-massage. These have been advocated as a compulsory measure to reduce ocular fatigue, as well as to retard the development of myopia, among Chinese school children. This study evaluated the impact of these eye exercises among Chinese urban children. METHODS 409 children (195 males, 47.7%), aged 11.1 ± 3.2 (range 6-...

PURPOSE To examine the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors in a representative Korean population aged 20 years old or older. METHODS A total of 23,392 people aged 20+ years were selected for the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2008-2011, using stratified, multistage, clustered sampling. Refractive error was measured by autorefraction without cycloplegia, and interview...

PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to report the prevalence of refractive (RA), corneal (CA), and internal astigmatism (IA) in a population of 6-year-old children; examine their variation with gender, ethnicity, and refraction; and examine the effects of gender, ethnicity, and spherical equivalent refraction on the relationship between CA and RA in this population. METHODS The Sydne...

PURPOSE To examine the prevalence of refractive errors in children aged 3-6 years in China. METHODS Children were recruited for a trial of a home-based amblyopia screening kit in Guangzhou preschools, during which cycloplegic refractions were measured in both eyes of 2480 children. Cycloplegic refraction (from 3 to 4 drops of 1% cyclopentolate to ensure abolition of the light reflex) was meas...

BACKGROUND To investigate the difference of ocular biometric and corneal topographic characteristics between the two eyes in high anisometropes with difference of 4 D or more in spherical component. METHODS Fifty-one young anisometropic men were collected. Detailed ocular examinations, including cycloplegic autorefraction, best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, A-scan, and Orbsca...