university autonomy and accountability have been playing such a vital role in all aspects of university governance that their importance cannot be over emphasized. autonomy can be defined as “the right of a group of people to govern itself or to organize its own activities” and being autonomous means “being independent and having the power to make your own decisions”. on the other hand, account...

Hospital-acquired infections are nowadays a major health care problem worldwide. The morbidity and mortality associated with them are highest in intensive care units, but their effects are identifiable in virtually any medical department. Information about hospital-acquired infections, especially about their preventive measures, are rarely presented nowadays in a correct fashion to patients. Th...

One of the original goals of artificial intelligence (AI) research was to create machines with very general cognitive capabilities and a relatively high level of autonomy. It has taken the field longer than many had expected to achieve even a fraction of this goal; the community has focused on building specific, targeted cognitive processes in isolation, and as of yet no system exists that inte...

BACKGROUND This study presents an empirical investigation of the ethical reasoning and ethical issues at stake in the daily work of physicians and molecular biologists in Denmark. The aim of this study was to test empirically whether there is a difference in ethical considerations and principles between Danish physicians and Danish molecular biologists, and whether the bioethical principles of ...

The present paper it is a literature review dealing with the concepts of patient's autonomy and informed consent focussing on how these concepts interrelate with themselves and on how health professionals should handle these concepts. Recipients of health care have specific rights with regard to its delivery. Within this context the providers of health care, should also be knowledgeable of and ...

One of the prevailing characteristics of natural life is autonomy. The field of Artificial Life has so far addressed the notion of autonomy mostly in terms of power and behavior. In this paper we attempt to extend the notion of autonomy to include also design and fabrication: We claim that not only should artificial creatures be able to operate untethered and without external guidance, but they...

Fidelity is the most fundamental ethical principle regulating the medical profession, and it requires medical professionals (MPs) to put their patients’ interests ahead of all others, including their own. The MPs who contracted and/or died of severe acute respiratory syndrome in the 2003 epidemic clearly illustrated both the glory and cost of living with this principle. Yet, if we look at the f...

Networks of signaling pathways provide a robust mechanism for cells to respond to various biological stimuli. Cell adaptation through the viewpoint of an organising principle between two interconnected pathways--mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) is demonstrated. A multilevel system representation of the pathways is used to determine the pathway components contri...

In this article, the authors challenge professionals to re-examine assumptions about basic concepts and their implications in supporting adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities. The authors focus on decisions with significant implications, such as planning transition from school to adult life, changing living environments, and managing health issues. The analysis highlights impo...