Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) such as Rett syndrome and Asperger syndromeare enigmatic and complex neurodevelopmental disorders, thought to have originated inparticular interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Despite the extensive research,exact mechanism of pathogenesis is not still completely understood. ASDs are characterizedby deficits and abnormalities in communica...

According to the social motivation hypothesis of autism, individuals with high levels of autistic traits experience reduced levels of reward from social interactions. However, empirical evidence to date has been mixed, with some studies reporting lower levels of social reward in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and others finding no difference when compared to typically developi...

introduction: the dominant approach in the etiology and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (asd) is a behavioral approach. proponents of the behavioral model believe that children with autism in access to capabilities in achieving love, empathy, language and creative thinking, have significant fundamental defects.  instead model-based development of individual differences relationship offers...

BACKGROUND Oxytocin (OT) is synthesized as a prohormone that is sequentially processed to peptides. These peptides are the bioactive amidated form (OT) and the C-terminal extended peptides, OT-Gly, OT-Gly-Lys and OT-Gly-Lys-Arg, which are designated together as OT-X. As an extension of our previous study finding decreased plasma OT in autism, studies were conducted to determine whether there we...

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally defined neurodevelopmental disorder whose etiology is poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that autistic children may be experiencing increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Altered immune regulation may be one contributing factor to inflammation and oxidative stress in autistic children. Sulfur amino acid (SAA) metabolism plays a cr...