Maize leaves are organized into two major domains along the proximal-distal axis: a broad flat blade at the distal end of the leaf, and a narrow, thickened sheath that encircles the stem. Between the blade and sheath are two wedge-shaped tissues called auricles, and the ligule, an epidermally derived fringe. Members of the Knotted1 (Kn1) family of mutations change the shape and position of both...

Unilateral atresia is an extremely uncommon congenital disorder in monozygotic twins. We present the first case in the literature of premature, monozygotic twins with no other congenital genetic defects other than only one twin with unilateral choanal atresia on the right side, being the other sibling completely normal. Diagnostic examinations performed to both twins consisted of nasal endoscop...

Congenital choanal atresia has been recognized for over 200 years, first described by Roederer in 1775 (Lantz and Brick, Laryngoscope 91, 1981, 1626. Samuel and Fernandes. Laryngoscope 95, 1985, 326). This condition is unconunon, occurring in approximately 1 in 7000 live births. Unfortunately, a single ideal procedure for this condition does not exist. Stankiewicz is credited with the first des...

Anorectal malformation (ARM) is one of frequent neonatal surgical problem managed in pediatric surgical units. Gastrointestinal malformations are associated in approximately 5% cases of ARM. Some of the common associations are oesophageal atresia and trachea oesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, hirschsprung`s disease, pouch colon and neuronal intestinal dysplasia [1]. Association of ARM with ...

Vectorcardiography demonstrates very clearly the method of auricular activation and shows its spatial development. This is illustrated and discussed in this paper as it occurs in normal subjects, in a patient with an ectopic auricular pacemaker, and in patients with pulmonary heart disease. Changes similar to those seen in patients with cor pulmonale have been observed in dogs after partial occ...

Jejunoileal atresia is of familial and non-familial in origins and classified into four different types. We herein report a rare occurrence of type I jejunal atresia in identical twins who were presented with neonatal intestinal obstruction. This report points towards common etiology of atresia in our cases and factors more than vascular accident appear to be involved.

Gallbladder duplication is an extremely rare anomaly. Association of gall bladder agenesis with duodenal atresia and biliary atresia has been described. However, association of gall bladder duplication with duodenal atresia hasn't been described so far; we report a case in view of its rarity.

A critical study of electrical events occurring in the posterior portions of the human heart has been made possible by the use of aesophageal leads in clinical electrocardiography (Cremer, 1906; Lieberson and Liberson, 1934; Luisada, 1935; Brown, 1936a, 1936b; Hamilton and Nyboer, 1938; Spiihler, 1938; Nyboer, 1939; Deglaude and Laubry, 1939). The cesophagus lies close to the posterior surface ...

conclusions elective gastric pull up can be performed for children who are not above 10 kg. in such settings, the risk of respiratory infections and other complications would be significantly reduced because of shorter duration of intubation. results the mean age was 5 ± 2 years in patients who were above 10 kg and 3 ± 1 years in those less than 10 kg. patients who were less than 10 kg had shor...