Amplifiers are one of the most important components in an optical WDM network, and they are used to restore the strength of optical signals which are attenuated by optical fibers as they propagate through the network. However, amplifiers also introduce the spontaneous emission noise which degrades the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). In this paper, we study the amplifier placement problem ...

Information revolution implies that multimedia networks need high bandwidth real-time communication services. At present, optical fibre is the only transmission medium offering such large bandwidth with low loss communication links. To amplify an optical signal with a conventional repeater, one performs photon to electron conversion, electrical amplification, retiming, pulse shaping, and then e...

Introduction: The class-AB buffer amplifier is widely used for driving heavy resistive or capacitive loads [1–4]. Some buffer amplifiers employ a pseudo-source follower, which has a pair of complementary common-source transistors with two feedback loops consisting of a pair of complementary error amplifiers [1–2]. Employing error amplifiers introduces the excess phase shift and makes the freque...

0BABSTRACT We present a sketching tool for crafting animated illustrations that contain the exaggerated dynamics of stylized 2D animations. The system provides a set of motion amplifiers which implement a set of established principles of 2D animation. These amplifiers break down a complex animation effect into independent, understandable chunks. Each amplifier imposes deformations to an underly...

As light pulses propagate along the optical fiber, their energy dissipates. Beyond a certain distance the number of photons in pulses becomes too small to be detected. The optical pulses in fibers are energized by utilizing optical fiber amplifiers. The rapid growth of the internet and data traffic in optical fiber communication networks has stimulated the study of wideband optical amplifiers. ...

Low-voltage and low-power multistage operational transconductance amplifiers with new and efficient gain boosting and frequency compensation schemes are proposed in this paper. The presented amplifiers are designed to drive large capacitive loads with small power consumption at low-voltage supplies. The compensation schemes exploit a single Miller capacitor and an active feedback to form the ma...

Operational amplifiers (op amps) are as prolific in analog circuits as salt and pepper is on food. They are sprinkled throughout the sensor data acquisition system, performing a variety of functions. For instance, at the sensor interface, amplifiers are used to buffer and gain the sensor output. The current or voltage excitation to the sensor, quite often is generated by an amplifier circuit. F...

The tradition of implementing analogue circuits by means of voltage amplifiers is almost as old as the concept of electronic circuit design. The integrated electronic circuit, however, is a relatively new concept. Furthermore, integrated electronic circuits have significantly different limitations and strengths to the conventional discrete electronic circuits have. Since the active devices in i...

Wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA) signals, transmitted by the base station high power amplifiers (HPAs), show high peak to average power ratios (PAPR), which results in nonlinear distortions. In this paper, using computer simulations effect of using a predistorted HPA on the symbol error rate (SER) of multi-user detectors in terms of output back-off (OBO) in the transmit power is ...