Attributional calculus ( ) is a typed logic system that combines elements of propositional logic, predicate calculus, and multiple-valued logic for the purpose of natural induction. By natural induction is meant a form of inductive learning that generates hypotheses in human-oriented forms, that is, forms that appear natural to people, and are easy to understand and relate to human knowledge. T...

In order to avoid dangerous climate change greenhouse gas accounting methods are needed to inform decisions on mitigation action. This paper explores the differences between ‘attributional’ and ‘consequential’ greenhouse gas accounting methods, focusing on attributional corporate greenhouse gas inventories, consequential life cycle assessment, and project/policy greenhouse gas accounting. The c...

Disability is both a very personal and social issue. In 1999, The World Health Organization (WHO) published their latest revisions to the ICIDH-2. This document includes the latest conceptual developments in understanding the structure and process of disabling conditions. The document highlights that disability outcome occurs within a dynamic system characterized by the impairment itself, envir...

Attributional retraining (AR) is a motivational intervention that consistently produces improved performance by encouraging controllable failure attributions. Research suggests that cognitively engaging AR methods are ideal for high-elaborating students, whereas affect-oriented techniques are better for low-elaborating students. College students' (N=749) elaborative learning was assessed in the...

Age differences in the prevalence and underpinnings of the fundamental attribution error were examined. Young, middle-aged, and older adults observed an actor providing responses to questions about political issues. In the no-choice condition, the actor was instructed how to respond, whereas in the choice condition, he was allowed to select his response. Consistent with previous research, middl...

BACKGROUND Preliminary results have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety and depression in primary care. AIMS To determine, in an expanded sample, the dependence of the efficacy of this therapy upon clinical and demographic variables. METHOD A sample of 274 patients with anxiety and/or depression were randomly all...

The authors investigated male juvenile delinquents' causal attributions about others' behavior and the salient pieces of information that the male juveniles used in arriving at their attributions. Participants were 82 male juvenile offenders whom the authors drew randomly from the population of juveniles who were incarcerated at a correctional facility. A concurrent mixed-methodological analysi...

Two types of semantic similarity are usually distinguished: attributional and relational similarities. These similarities measure the degree between words or word pairs. Attributional similarities are bidrectional, while relational similarities are one-directional. It is possible to compute such similarities based on the occurrences of words in actual sentences. Inside sentences, syntagmatic as...

A contrived play group procedure was utilized to examine the behavioral and social-cognitive correlates of reactive aggression, proactive aggression, and victimization via peers. Eleven play groups, each of which consisted of six familiar African-American 8-year-old boys, met for 45-min sessions on five consecutive days. Social-cognitive interviews were conducted following the second and fourth...

Objectives: Patients with schizophrenia are characterized with deficiencies in various aspects of social functioning. Given the relationship between social functioning deficits and relapse in these patients, identification of underlying factors is of significant importance. Thus, in this study, the contribution of each dimension of social cognition (Emotion Perception [EP], Theory of Mind [ToM]...