This paper surveys the literature on how democracy affects economic growth. The paper first presents descriptive statistics and brief case-descriptions to illustrate how democracy and dictatorship may affect growth. Thereafter, the paper evaluates five central arguments on democracy and growth, before it surveys empirical studies on the relationship. Furthermore, the paper highlights critical m...

This paper uses natural language processing to create the first machine-coded democracy index, which I call Automated Democracy Scores (ADS). The ADS are based on 42 million news articles from 6,043 different sources and cover all independent countries in the 19932012 period. Unlike the democracy indices we have today the ADS are replicable and have standard errors small enough to actually dist...

backgroung and objectives: the relationship between optimistic view in life and health variables has been confirmed in many studies. in the majority of researches, the relationship was studied in non-clinical populations. given the few researches in clinical groups, this study was carried out aiming at evaluating the correlation between the optimistic views and general health in a group of card...

The interest groups related to the installation of elevators in old residential areas are multiple with specific purposes and identities. negotiation dilemma caused by redistribution group interests due led stagnation elevators, which should have net income. Using method analysis, consultative democracy conceptual model, this paper makes a detailed analysis attitude different under new situatio...

extended abstract 1-introduction in recent years, the criminological community has witnessed a resurgence of interest in strain theory. “traditional strain theory (1955, 1960, 1970) posits that individuals are pressured into crime when they are prevented from achieving cultural goals like monetary success or middleclass status through legitimate means. this goal blockage may pressure some to pu...