A chimeric porcine circovirus (PCV1-2) with the capsid gene of pathogenic PCV2 cloned into the genomic backbone of nonpathogenic PCV1 is attenuated in pigs but elicits protective immunity against PCV2. In this study, short epitope tags were inserted into the C terminus of the capsid protein of the chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine virus, resulting in a tractable marker virus that is infectious both in vi...

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) commercial vaccines are either inactivated PCV2 isolates or subunit vaccine based on the Cap protein of PCV2. Currently, no live-attenuated vaccines are yet available. Although the predominant circulating subtype worldwide is PCV2b, the emerging PCV2d subtype is also increasingly associated with PCV disease. In this study, piglets were inoculated with a live-att...

Changing epidemiology of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has led to an increased susceptibility of adolescents and adults to the infection. Vaccination can remarkably reduce the incidence and associated morbidity of HAV infection. This review is focused on the safety and efficacy of H2 strain derived live attenuated Hepatitis A vaccine. We found the vaccine to be highly immunogenic with minimal or negl...

Seasonal influenza is an important public health and medical challenge. Vaccination against influenza is recognized worldwide as the main strategy for prevention and control. The findings of meta-analyses, however, suggest that efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines, both in people aged 65 years or older [1] and in children, are lower than believed [2]. These findings were recently co...

Due to a combination of favourable factors promoting the population growth and geographical spread of the Aedes mosquito vector of dengue, the incidence of this rapidly emerging tropical infectious disease has increased over 30-fold in less than half a century. Today, there are around 100 million reported clinical cases each year. Co-circulation of multiple serotypes of the dengue virus causes ...

UNLABELLED A randomized clinical trial of hepatitis A vaccines (1 or 2 doses of inactivated vaccine [Healive] or 1 dose of live attenuated vaccine [Biovac]) was conducted among adults to evaluate seroprotection rates and geometric mean concentrations of antibody against hepatitis A virus for 36 months. High rates of seroprotection persisted for at least 36 months among adults who received 1 or ...

A new recombination system for the production of live attenuated influenza-A vaccine strains is described. The attenuated parent is the Japanese strain A/Okuda/ 57 (H2N2) which has a known passage history and a good record of human safety. This virus has been recombined with two recent field isolates, A/England/ 42/72 and A/Finland/4/74, and in each case several recombinants were isolated and t...

The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is endemic in many countries in southern Asia and the western Pacific Rim, with new spread to previously unrecognized countries. It is an important cause of childhood neurological disease associated with permanent neurological sequelae and death. Fortunately, JE is a vaccine-preventable disease. The ChimeriVax™-JE (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) is a live-at...

A proportion of individuals vaccinated with live attenuated Oka varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine subsequently develop attenuated chicken pox and/or herpes zoster. To determine whether postvaccination varicella infections are caused by vaccine or wild-type virus, a simple method for distinguishing the vaccine strain from wild-type virus is required. We have developed a TaqMan real-time PCR a...