Focusing light deep inside living tissue has not been achieved despite its promise to play a central role in biomedical imaging, optical manipulation and therapy. To address this challenge, internal-guide-star-based wavefront engineering techniques--for example, time-reversed ultrasonically encoded (TRUE) optical focusing--were developed. The speeds of these techniques, however, were limited to...

Sustainable natural systems require energy. This requirement of energy is proportional to the activity they manifest. In a scalable self-similar artificial system, information gateways at every level must limit the information/activity to-from their subsystems based on computational algorithms. We discuss some of the implemented algorithms in these gateways for focusing attention to the most ac...

People often fail to notice unexpected stimuli when they are focusing attention on another task. Most studies of this phenomenon address visual failures induced by visual attention tasks (inattentional blindness). Yet, such failures also occur within audition (inattentional deafness), and people can even miss unexpected events in one sensory modality when focusing attention on tasks in another ...

methamphetamine (ma) is a potent, addictive psychostimulant that has dramatic effects on the central nervous system (cns). the onset of methamphetamine use has been linked to heightened attention, and chronic methamphetamine use has been associated with deficits in different aspects of attention that can significantly persist into abstinence. attention deficits in chronic methamphetamine users ...

Studying speech errors has revealed much about the language production system. We believe it can also be used to investigate the interaction between the speech production and other systems, such as the executive system. This paper studies the effect of focusing attention on the production of a single word in a sequence. We present three experiments in which participants, while reciting four-wor...