Many distributed systems work on a common shared state; in such systems, distributed agreement is necessary for consistency. With increasing number of servers, systems become more susceptible to single-server failures, increasing the relevance of faulttolerance. Atomic broadcast enables fault-tolerant distributed agreement, yet it is costly to solve. Current leader-based solutions result in qua...

Although the atomic catalyst has attracted intensive attention in past few years, current progress of this field is still limited to a single (SAC). With very successful cases dual catalysts (DACs), most challenging part experimental synthesis lies two main directions: thermodynamic stability and optimal combination metals. To address such challenges, comprehensive theoretical investigations on...

Topology modification of hexahedral meshes has been considered difficult due to the propagation of topological modifications non-locally. We address this problem by working in the dual of a hexahedral mesh. We prove several relatively simple combinatorial aspects of hex mesh duals, namely that they are both complexes of simple polytopes as well as simple arrangements of pseudo-hyperplanes. We d...

The electronic stopping cross sections in boron for atomic projectiles with Z 11 have been determined in the energy interval 15 to 140 keV. Reasonable agreement is found with theory, however the previously observed periodic dependence of SE on the atomic number of the project i le is also evident. Results for the relative straggling in energy loss are reported for hydrogen projectiles in boron,...

By extrapolating the energies of nonrelativistic atoms and their ions with up to 3000 electrons within Kohn-Sham density functional theory, we find that the ionization potential remains finite and increases across a row of the periodic table, even as Z → ∞. The local density approximation for the exchange contribution becomes more accurate (or even exact) in this limit. Extended Thomas-Fermi th...

Interpolating number-coherent states are new states of the radiation field which interpolate between number and coherent states, to which they reduce in appropriate limits. We study some fundamental features of the interaction of these new states with a atomic system in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model(JCM). The dynamical evolution of atomic population inversion, field entropy, the Q-...

We evaluate the effective number of atoms in experiments where a probe laser beam with a Gaussian transverse profile passes through an atomic medium consisting in a cold atom cloud released from a magnetooptical trap. Considering the case where the initial distribution is a Gaussian function of position and of velocity, we give a quantitative description of the temporal variation of the effecti...

purpose: to recognize affective factors in delivering x-ray contrast agents (which have high atomic number) via gallium carrier to liver or lymphatic neoplasm cells.   materials and methods: since uptake of gallium by liver has been reported in numerous researches, it was bonded with a contrast media (metrizoate). x-ray imaging was done to determine geometric features of liver.   results: radio...