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CONTEXT The female athlete triad (the triad) is an interrelationship of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density; it is relatively common among young women participating in sports. Diagnosis and treatment of this potentially serious condition is complicated and often requires an interdisciplinary team. EVIDENCE ACQ...

Although eating disorders have received much attention over the last few years in athletics, its prevalence was not always well appreciated. Over the years, professional organizations began to pay close attention to the effects of eating disorders, and with this heightened awareness, professionals as well as the general public began to recognize eating disorders as a major problem in our societ...

The skeletally immature athlete sustains upper extremity injuries unique to the epiphyseal plate, articular cartilage, musculotendinous units, and specific to the sport itself. Specific shoulder and elbow conditions can be predicted based on the biomechanics of the sport and age of the patient. In the young athlete, recognition of these unique injury patterns with early activity modification an...

Anterior midtibial stress fractures are an uncommon but difficult entity for the sports medicine physician. When a transverse radiolucent line is visible in the anterior tibial cortex ("the dreaded black line"), the problem takes on the characteristics of a nonunion and rarely responds to conservative treatment. We recommend taking a more aggressive approach with the use of electrical stimulati...

The authors describe the case of an athlete from the Brazilian national men's basketball team (sub-16) who reported pain in the right iliac region at the end of the season. Clinical and imaging exams revealed an iliac bone stress fracture. A conservative treatment of removing the load from the fracture in combination with physical therapy was chosen. The athlete improved satisfactorily and retu...

A recent increase in the number of masters athletes in the United States can be attributed to a growing population of more than 300 million people, an aging subpopulation of “baby boomers,” and a culture enamored with sports. To exemplify this increase, in 1987, the first National Senior Games had 2500 participants (all older than 50 years), which more than quadrupled to 10,100 participants in ...

background and aims: nutrition has a determinant role in success of professional athletes and dietary supplements can play an important role for supplying the nutritional needs for them in some situations. consumption of dietary supplements (ds) was significantly increased in recent years. based on this fact, assessing the amount, purposes and type of the supplements are all as prior as the aff...