We determined the effects of atmospheric temperature (10-30 ± 2°C in 5°C increments) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels (400 ± 50 ppm, 540 ± 50 ppm, and 940 ± 50 ppm) on the infection of Solanum tuberosum cv. Chubaek by Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Below CO2 levels of 400 ± 50 ppm, the PLRV infection rate and RNA content in plant tissues increased as the temperature increased to 20 ± 2°C, but dec...

Recent increases in the seasonal amplitude of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) at high latitudes suggest a widespread biospheric response to high-latitude warming. The seasonal amplitude of net ecosystem carbon exchange by northern Siberian ecosystems is shown to be greater in disturbed than undisturbed sites, due to increased summer influx and increased winter efflux. Increased disturbance cou...

Vehicle Emission is one of the main causes of environmental damage. Vehicle engines produce carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and many other harmful substances. An investigation was conducted using a compression-ignition engine fuelled with different ratios of blends of diesel and biodiesel at different EGR rates. The effects of different ratios of fuel blends and EG...

Chloroplasts isolated by methods similar to that described by Arnon et al. (1) are capable of incorporating acetate carbon into both lipid and n)on-lipid materials when fortified with appropriate cofactors (2, 3,4, 5). The actual rate of incorporation of acetate carbon in these preparations was, however, very small compared with the normal rate of photosynthesis (1-2 jumoles/mg chlorophyll'hr) ...

Synthesis of acetate from carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen is considered to be the first carbon assimilation pathway on earth. It combines carbon dioxide fixation into acetyl-CoA with the production of ATP via an energized cell membrane. How the pathway is coupled with the net synthesis of ATP has been an enigma. The anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium Acetobacterium woodii uses an ancient ver...

It has long been known that some non-photosynthetic micro-organisms can grow on organic C, compounds as their sole source of energy and carbon. The means whereby such organisms grow has been the subject of speculation. It has been suggested (Bhat & Barker, 1948; van Niel, 1954) that they might couple the energy of oxidation of the organic substrate to the reduction of carbon dioxide and the syn...

This paper reviews current literature on the associations of ventilation rates and carbon dioxide concentrations in non-residential and non-industrial buildings (primarily offices) with health and other human outcomes. Twenty studies, with close to 30,000 subjects, investigated the association of ventilation rates with human responses, and 21 studies, with over 30,000 subjects, investigated the...

The carbon dioxide surgical field flooding technique has long been tried with varying degrees of success. A recent revival of the technique that began over 40 years ago in cardiac surgery, has brought promise as well as improved results attributable to improved technology. Studies at JFK Medical Center have been very successful using the carbon dioxide surgical field-flooding technique. Establi...

The effective parameters of (5, 0) and (5, 5) single-wall carbon nanotubes during the interaction with carbon dioxide as sensors are determined. The interaction of carbon dioxide  molecules with internal and external walls of the nanotubes is studied using Gaussian 03 coding by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G level of theory. CO2 rotation around tube axles vertically and par...