OBJECTIVE This is a computational analysis of the effects of external carotid artery (ECA) flow, waveform, and occlusion geometry on two hemodynamic wall parameters associated with intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Study design Transient three-dimensional fluid mechanics analysis was applied to a standard carotid artery bifurcation. Mean internal carotid artery (ICA) flow was maintained ...

The development of heterogeneous chiral catalysts for enantioselective reactions is highly desirable in order to overcome some drawbacks of homogeneous catalysts. Different from the conventional approaches by using various types of supports or biphasic systems for the recovery and reuse of homogeneous catalysts, a conceptually new strategy for heterogenization of homogeneous chiral catalysts, t...

The Functional Electrical Stimulator design using monophasic spike-exponential waveform was proposed and described in this study. The monophasic square waveform has benefit in generating an action potential, but it could cause side effects such as toxic caused by the electrode polarization. The square waveform signal which the frequency and pulse width could be modulated was manipulated to be t...

Accurate delay calculation of circuit gates is very important in timing analysis of digital circuits. Waveform shapes on the input ports of logic gates should be considered, in the characterization phase of delay calculation, to obtain accurate gate delay values. Glitches and their temporal effect on circuit gate delays should be taken into account for this purpose. However, the explosive numbe...

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising non-thermal treatment for inoperable tumors which uses short (50-100 μs) high voltage monopolar pulses to disrupt the membranes of cells within a well-defined volume. Challenges with IRE include complex treatment planning and the induction of intense muscle contractions. High frequency IRE (H-FIRE) uses bursts of ultrashort (0.25-5 μs) alternati...

The role of waveform design is central to effective radar resource management for state-of-the art radar systems. The waveform shape employed by any radar system has always been a key factor in determining the performance and application. The design of radar waveform to minimize mean square error (MSE) in estimating the target impulse response is based on power allocation using waterfilling. ...

This study offers evidence of asymmetry in the frequency-following response (FFR), a brainstem evoked potential that mimics stimulus frequency. The FFRs to stimulation of one ear compared to the other are shown to have latency and amplitude dissimilarities, as well as considerable variations in waveform characteristics. The findings were obtained from eight subjects. Tone bursts at 500 Hz were ...

Delivery of a strong electric shock to the heart remains the only effective therapy against ventricular fibrillation. Despite significant improvements in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, the fundamental mechanisms of defibrillation remain poorly understood. We have recently demonstrated that a monophasic defibrillation shock produces a highly nonuniform epicardial polarizat...

Delivery of a strong electric shock to the heart remains the only effective therapy against ventricular fibrillation. Despite significant improvements in implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy, the fundamental mechanisms of defibrillation remain poorly understood. We have recently demonstrated that a monophasic defibrillation shock produces a highly nonuniform epicardial polarizat...

Oscillations in neural activity play a critical role in neural computation and communication. There is intriguing new evidence that the nonsinusoidal features of the oscillatory waveforms may inform underlying physiological and pathophysiological characteristics. Time-domain waveform analysis approaches stand in contrast to traditional Fourier-based methods, which alter or destroy subtle wavefo...