Basic asymmetric behavior is experimentally observed in a polished polarization-maintaining fiber coupler. As the two half-couplers are made to slide on top of each other, the output extinction ratio exhibits relatively large variations whose forms depend on the fiber that is selected for the input. We propose that a local distortion of the fiber birefringent axes, which could be caused by the ...

Level-Compressed (in short LC) tries were introduced by Andersson and Nilsson in 1993. They are compacted versions of tries in which, from the top down, maximal height complete subtrees are level compressed. We show that when the input consists of n independent strings with independent Bernoulli (p) bits, p 6= 1/2, then the expected depth of a typical node is in probability asymptotic to log lo...

producers and consumers’ price behavior were analyzed in chicken meat market in fars province. monthly average producers and consumers prices from june 1997 to july 2008 were taken into account. changes in the producer and consumer prices indicated that the prices follow an increasing trend with much fluctuations. marketing margin has an increasing trend of violent fluctuations. the result of g...

Surgeons performing endovascular interventions have high expectations with regard to the 15 improvement of their operating tools and, more specifically, of their catheters. Active catheters, in which the tip moves actively using shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators, constitute a promising approach. In this article, we review existing SMA-based active catheters present in the literature. We analyz...

The inhibitory control of prepotent action is vital for appropriate behaviour. An example of the importance of such control can be seen in the inhibition of aggressive behavior, deficits in which may have broader consequences for society. Many studies have related lesions or the under-development of the prefrontal cortex to inefficiency of inhibitory control. Here we used transcranial magnetic ...

Stop and go traffic that leads to oscillate traffic flow frequently is observed on congestion flow. Unexpected reasons such as lane – changing maneuvers, lower speeds of leader vehicle and moving bottleneck cause stop and go traffic and amplifying delay and environment impacts. Stop and go traffic exactly can’t be modeled by traffic models, and also car following models based on kinematic flow ...

Résumé. Le principe d’un ordonnancement coopératif selon une modélisation multi-agents résulte du rapprochement des domaines de l’Ordonnancement et de l’Intelligence Artificielle Distribuée. Le travail que nous présentons dans ce papier a pour objectif l’étude de l’adéquation des métaheuristiques avancées dans un SMA dans le cadre de la résolution d’un problème d’optimisation bien défini qui es...

The study of simple beams made of shape memory alloys (SMA) is very interesting for industrial and experimental reasons. In this paper, it is realised using strength of materials' approach: different kinematical and behavioural assumptions are successively used to solve circular and three supports bendings' problems. The kinematical ones consist in taking into account small or large displacemen...

The ability to track the temporal structure of events in a dynamic environment is crucial to cognition and action alike. In order to guide timely reactive and proactive behavior the individual has to draw upon some internal representation of temporal relations or temporal structure. Here an event may be defined as a perceived change in the formal structure of the environment, i.e., the identity...