In this research the metaphase chromosome number and karyotype of Astragalus stenosemioides species growing naturally in Turkey are studied. The study revealed that A. is 2n = 16. basic determined as x 8. formula 8m. total length somatic chromosomes ranges between 1.96 - 3.38 μm. haploid 21.36 addition, asymmetry was evaluated by different methods; Stebbins classification, TF%, AsK%, Syi Rec, A...

The present review article aimed to a focused summary of the main immunomodulatory properties some most frequently used herbaceous plants either in traditional medicine or as food supplements: andrographis (Andrographis paniculata), astragalus (Astragalus propinquus/membranaceus), black cumin (Nigella sativa), cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), purple coneflowe...

The geographic distribution of Astragalus (Fabaceae) in Iran was analyzed using a database of 7606 georeferencedobservations. Astragalus occurs in all provinces of Iran, but 88% ofthe observations are in five provinces including Tehran, West-Azerbaijan, Esfahan, Kordestan, and Khorasan-e Razavi.Most species are rare and narrowly endemic: Thelargest distance between two observations of the same ...

Ernest Sosa has made and continues to make major contributions to a wide variety of topics in epistemology. In this paper I discuss some of his core ideas about the nature of knowledge and scepticism. I start with a discussion of and objections against the safety account of knowledge—a view he has championed and further developed over the years. I continue with some questions concerning the rol...

[This corrects the article on p. 738 in vol. 44.].