QUESTION Does functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling increase urine output and decrease lower limb swelling and spasticity in people with recent spinal cord injury? DESIGN Randomised cross-over trial. PARTICIPANTS Fourteen participants with a recent motor complete spinal cord injury were consecutively recruited from two spinal cord injury units in Sydney. INTERVENTION Participant...

OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness and long term safety of cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (MS), in a follow up to the main Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis (CAMS) study. METHODS In total, 630 patients with stable MS with muscle spasticity from 33 UK centres were randomised to receive oral Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), cannabis extract, or placebo in the main 15 week CAM...

Objectives: To compare the effects of Rood Inhibitory approach and Bobath Reflex Inhibiting pattern to improve Gross motor Function reduce spasticity in Hemiplegic Children Encephalitis. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted comprising 22 patients recruited from different clinics Faisalabad. Participants both genders, age range 08-12 years were randomly allocated into two groups. T...

BACKGROUND Spasticity affects more than 80% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting activity, participation, and quality of life. Based on an international guideline, an MS spasticity group education and stretching program, MS Spasticity: Take Control (STC), has been developed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to determine whether STC with home stretching is associated with ...

Sylva L. Ashworth was a 1910 Palmer graduate and pioneer whose zeal for chiropractic, diligence in political causes and winning personality placed her in the center of chiropractic activities during the profession's middle ages. Although a life-long friend of B.J. Palmer and a self-professed straight chiropractor, she was most active in the broad-scope organizations of his rivals, particularly ...

The purpose of this study is to compare the ultrasonographic architectural properties of muscles and balance ability based on the muscle contraction of chronic stroke patients. The subjects of this study were 30 chronic stroke patients were divided into 3 classes based on the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), with 10 patients in each class. Ultrasonographic architectural properties and balance abi...

Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy (SPOAN) is an autosomal recessive complicated form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is clinically defined by congenital optic atrophy, infancy-onset progressive spastic paraplegia and peripheral neuropathy. In this study, which included 61 individuals (age 5-72 years, 42 females) affected by SPOAN, a comprehensive motor and functional eva...

Twelve chronic hemiparetic outpatients with pronounced lower limb extensor spasticity were injected with 400 units of botulinum toxin A, EMG guided into the soleus, tibialis posterior, and both heads of the gastrocnemius muscles. Botulinum toxin A caused a definite reduction of plantar flexor spasticity, in 10 patients two weeks after the injection, as assessed by the Ashworth scale. Four of th...

OBJECTIVE To classify and evaluate outcome measures currently used in robot-assisted exercise trials (RAET) in stroke, and to determine selection criteria for outcome measures in future trials. METHODS Outcome measures used in RAET were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and PsychINFO databases. The scale items were categorized into International Classification of Functioning Dis...

Recent studies involving patients with CNS lesions have clearly demonstrated that agonist paresis rather than antagonist spasticity is the primary factor limiting torque production. The presence of spasticity can, nonetheless, be important because of its effect on the quality of movement and because of the propensity of spastic muscles toward contracture. Therefore, methods for more precisely d...