Using a computerized video-image analysis system, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured in dominant and subordinate individuals of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and in individuals treated with inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and reuptake. Arctic charr were put together in pairs. After 1 week, subordinate individuals were found to have elevated brain levels of 5-hydroxyindolea...

It has long been understood that culture shapes individuals' behavior, but how this is accomplished in the human brain has remained largely unknown. To examine this, we made use of a well-established cross-cultural difference in behavior: American culture tends to reinforce dominant behavior whereas, conversely, Japanese culture tends to reinforce subordinate behavior. In 17 Americans and 17 Ja...

Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities are derived for a class of subordinate semigroups. In particular, for a diffusion satisfying the BakryEmery curvature condition, the subordinate semigroup with power α satisfies a dimension-free Harnack inequality provided α ∈ ` 1 2 , 1 ́ , and it satisfies the log-Harnack inequality for all α ∈ (0, 1). Some infinite-dimensional examples are also presen...

A subordinate Brownian motion is a Lévy process that can be obtained by replacing the time of the Brownian motion by an independent subordinator. The infinitesimal generator of a subordinate Brownian motion is −φ(−Δ), where φ is the Laplace exponent of the subordinator. In this paper, we consider a large class of subordinate Brownian motions without diffusion component and with φ comparable to ...

In this paper, we consider a large class of subordinate Brownian motions X via subordinators with Laplace exponents which are complete Bernstein functions satisfying some mild scaling conditions at zero and at infinity. We first discuss how such conditions govern the behavior of the subordinator and the corresponding subordinate Brownian motion for both large and small time and space. Then we e...

A much-debated question in object recognition is whether expertise for faces and expertise for non-face objects utilize common perceptual information. We investigated this issue by assessing the diagnostic information required for different types of expertise. Specifically, we asked whether face categorization and expert car categorization at the subordinate level relies on the same spatial fre...

The present study examined the manner in which both hemispheres utilize prior semantic context and relative meaning frequency during the processing of homographs. Participants read sentences biased toward the dominant or the subordinate meaning of their final homograph, or unbiased neutral sentences, and performed a lexical decision task on lateralized targets presented 250ms after the onset of...

A study of Commander's Intent (CI) in a Command and Control (C2) exercise was performed. The study focused on the performance of a brigade battle group. The highest commander and the battle commander, respectively, considered having transmitted CI to the subordinate commander in a distinct and clear manner. The brigade command considered having transmitted CI somewhat less clearly to their subo...

The evidential meaning traditionally attributed to modal auxiliaries is conveyed in Italian and Greek by complex constructions clustering both modal and aspectual features. The evidential reading of Italian and Greek modal auxiliaries, indeed, is only licenced when the modals take as complements stative, progressive, habitual or resultative subordinates. A feature of aspectual incompleteness of...